महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-117, verse-18

नात्मानमपरित्यज्य मृगया नाम विद्यते ।
समतामुपसंगम्य रूपं हन्यान्न वा नृप ॥१८॥

18. nātmānamaparityajya mṛgayā nāma vidyate ,
samatāmupasaṁgamya rūpaṁ hanyānna vā nṛpa.

18. na ātmānam aparityajya mṛgayā nāma vidyate
samatām upasaṅgamya rūpam hanyāt na vā nṛpa

18. nṛpa,
ātmānam aparityajya mṛgayā nāma na vidyate samatām upasaṅgamya rūpam hanyāt vā na

18. Indeed, hunting cannot be undertaken without abandoning one's true self (ātman). O King, having attained a state of equanimity, one may or may not strike down the physical form.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - oneself, the self

• अपरित्यज्य (aparityajya) - without abandoning, without giving up

• मृगया (mṛgayā) - hunting

• नाम (nāma) - indeed, by name, as is well known

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found, is present

• समताम् (samatām) - equanimity, equality, impartiality

• उपसङ्गम्य (upasaṅgamya) - having approached, having attained

• रूपम् (rūpam) - the physical form of the animal (form, appearance, physical body)

• हन्यात् (hanyāt) - one should kill, may kill

• न (na) - not

• वा (vā) - or

• नृप (nṛpa) - O king

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - oneself, the self

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essential nature, mind, body

अपरित्यज्य (aparityajya) - without abandoning, without giving up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) with negative prefix

Derived from root tyaj with prefix pari and negative particle a

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: The overall phrase 'na... aparityajya' signifies 'not without abandoning', implying 'one must abandon'.

मृगया (mṛgayā) - hunting

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mṛgayā

mṛgayā - hunting, chase, game

Root: mṛg (class 10)

नाम (nāma) - indeed, by name, as is well known

(indeclinable)

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found, is present

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of vid

present tense, middle voice

Root vid, 4th class (yatate type)

Root: vid (class 4)

Note: Often used in a passive sense 'is found/exists'.

समताम् (samatām) - equanimity, equality, impartiality

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of samatā

samatā - equality, sameness, equanimity, impartiality

उपसङ्गम्य (upasaṅgamya) - having approached, having attained

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root gam with prefixes upa and sam

Prefixes: upa+sam

Root: gam (class 1)

रूपम् (rūpam) - the physical form of the animal (form, appearance, physical body)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, shape, appearance, beauty, physical body

हन्यात् (hanyāt) - one should kill, may kill

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of han

optative mood, active voice

Root han, 2nd class, active voice

Root: han (class 2)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

नृप (nṛpa) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, protector of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, men
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, ruler (from root pā 'to protect')
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root pā
  Root: pā (class 1)

Previous Verse Next Verse