महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-117, verse-37

अहिंसा परमो धर्मस्तथाहिंसा परो दमः ।
अहिंसा परमं दानमहिंसा परमं तपः ॥३७॥

37. ahiṁsā paramo dharmastathāhiṁsā paro damaḥ ,
ahiṁsā paramaṁ dānamahiṁsā paramaṁ tapaḥ.

37. ahiṃsā paramaḥ dharmaḥ tathā ahiṃsā paraḥ
damaḥ ahiṃsā paramam dānam ahiṃsā paramam tapaḥ

37. ahiṃsā paramaḥ dharmaḥ tathā ahiṃsā paraḥ
damaḥ ahiṃsā paramam dānam ahiṃsā paramam tapaḥ

37. Non-violence (ahiṃsā) is the highest intrinsic nature (dharma); similarly, non-violence is the supreme self-control. Non-violence is the highest act of giving (dāna), and non-violence is the supreme austerity (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• अहिंसा (ahiṁsā) - non-violence, non-injury

• परमः (paramaḥ) - supreme, highest, excellent

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - intrinsic nature (dharma) (natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly, and

• अहिंसा (ahiṁsā) - non-violence, non-injury

• परः (paraḥ) - supreme, highest, excellent

• दमः (damaḥ) - self-control, restraint, subduing

• अहिंसा (ahiṁsā) - non-violence, non-injury

• परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, excellent

• दानम् (dānam) - act of giving (dāna) (giving, gift, charity)

• अहिंसा (ahiṁsā) - non-violence, non-injury

• परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, excellent

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, spiritual heat)

Words meanings and morphology

अहिंसा (ahiṁsā) - non-violence, non-injury

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ahiṃsā

ahiṁsā - non-violence, non-injury, abstention from doing harm

From a- (negation) + hiṃsā (violence, injury).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+hiṃsā)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• hiṃsā – violence, injury, harm
  noun (feminine)
  action noun from √hiṃs
  From √hiṃs (to injure, harm).
  Root: hiṃs (class 7)

परमः (paramaḥ) - supreme, highest, excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parama

parama - highest, supreme, ultimate, excellent, best

Superlative form of para (other, distant).

Note: Agrees with dharmaḥ.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - intrinsic nature (dharma) (natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - intrinsic nature, natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom, religion

From √dhṛ (to hold, support) + -ma.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly, and

(indeclinable)

अहिंसा (ahiṁsā) - non-violence, non-injury

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ahiṃsā

ahiṁsā - non-violence, non-injury, abstention from doing harm

From a- (negation) + hiṃsā (violence, injury).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+hiṃsā)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• hiṃsā – violence, injury, harm
  noun (feminine)
  action noun from √hiṃs
  From √hiṃs (to injure, harm).
  Root: hiṃs (class 7)

परः (paraḥ) - supreme, highest, excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, other, distant

Note: Agrees with damaḥ.

दमः (damaḥ) - self-control, restraint, subduing

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-control, restraint, subduing, taming

action noun

From √dam (to tame, control).

Root: dam (class 1)

अहिंसा (ahiṁsā) - non-violence, non-injury

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ahiṃsā

ahiṁsā - non-violence, non-injury, abstention from doing harm

From a- (negation) + hiṃsā (violence, injury).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+hiṃsā)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• hiṃsā – violence, injury, harm
  noun (feminine)
  action noun from √hiṃs
  From √hiṃs (to injure, harm).
  Root: hiṃs (class 7)

परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - highest, supreme, ultimate, excellent, best

Superlative form of para (other, distant).

Note: Agrees with dānam and tapaḥ.

दानम् (dānam) - act of giving (dāna) (giving, gift, charity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - giving, gift, donation, charity, liberality

action noun

From √dā (to give).

Root: dā (class 1)

अहिंसा (ahiṁsā) - non-violence, non-injury

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ahiṃsā

ahiṁsā - non-violence, non-injury, abstention from doing harm

From a- (negation) + hiṃsā (violence, injury).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+hiṃsā)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• hiṃsā – violence, injury, harm
  noun (feminine)
  action noun from √hiṃs
  From √hiṃs (to injure, harm).
  Root: hiṃs (class 7)

परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - highest, supreme, ultimate, excellent, best

Superlative form of para (other, distant).

Note: Agrees with dānam and tapaḥ.

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, spiritual heat)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, religious mortification, spiritual heat

From √tap (to heat, suffer penance).

Root: tap (class 1)