महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-81, verse-5

यस्तस्यार्थो न रोचेत न तं तस्य प्रकाशयेत् ।
धर्माधर्मेण राजानश्चरन्ति विजिगीषवः ॥५॥

5. yastasyārtho na roceta na taṁ tasya prakāśayet ,
dharmādharmeṇa rājānaścaranti vijigīṣavaḥ.

5. yaḥ tasya arthaḥ na roceta na tam tasya prakāśayet
dharma-adharmeṇa rājānaḥ caranti vijigīṣavaḥ

5. yaḥ tasya arthaḥ na roceta tam tasya na prakāśayet
vijigīṣavaḥ rājānaḥ dharma-adharmeṇa caranti

5. One should not reveal a matter to someone who is not pleased by it. Kings, desiring victory, act according to both natural law (dharma) and unrighteousness.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which, he who

• तस्य (tasya) - of him, his, of that

• अर्थः (arthaḥ) - matter, affair (meaning, purpose, object, matter, wealth)

• न (na) - not, no

• रोचेत (roceta) - is pleased by, approves of (should be pleased, should like)

• न (na) - not, no

• तम् (tam) - it (the matter) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• तस्य (tasya) - to him (the person who is not pleased) (to him, for him, of him)

• प्रकाशयेत् (prakāśayet) - should reveal, should make manifest

• धर्म-अधर्मेण (dharma-adharmeṇa) - by means of natural law and unrighteousness, by right and wrong

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

• चरन्ति (caranti) - they act, they move, they behave

• विजिगीषवः (vijigīṣavaḥ) - desirous of victory, eager to conquer

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

तस्य (tasya) - of him, his, of that

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अर्थः (arthaḥ) - matter, affair (meaning, purpose, object, matter, wealth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - meaning, purpose, object, matter, wealth

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

रोचेत (roceta) - is pleased by, approves of (should be pleased, should like)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of ruc

Root: ruc (class 6)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - it (the matter) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तस्य (tasya) - to him (the person who is not pleased) (to him, for him, of him)

(pronoun)

masculine/neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

प्रकाशयेत् (prakāśayet) - should reveal, should make manifest

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of prakāś

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

धर्म-अधर्मेण (dharma-adharmeṇa) - by means of natural law and unrighteousness, by right and wrong

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dharma-adharma

dharma-adharma - natural law (dharma) and unrighteousness (adharma)

Compound type : dvandva (dharma+adharma)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
• adharma – unrighteousness, unconstitutionality, wrong, demerit
  noun (masculine)

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king

चरन्ति (caranti) - they act, they move, they behave

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of car

Root: car (class 1)

विजिगीषवः (vijigīṣavaḥ) - desirous of victory, eager to conquer

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vijigīṣu

vijigīṣu - desirous of victory, eager to conquer

desiderative adjective

Derived from the desiderative stem of the root √ji (to conquer) with the suffix -u.

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)