महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-81, verse-15

तथैवात्युदकाद्भीतस्तस्य भेदनमिच्छति ।
यमेवंलक्षणं विद्यात्तममित्रं विनिर्दिशेत् ॥१५॥

15. tathaivātyudakādbhītastasya bhedanamicchati ,
yamevaṁlakṣaṇaṁ vidyāttamamitraṁ vinirdiśet.

15. tathā eva ati udakāt bhītaḥ tasya bhedanam icchati
yam evam lakṣaṇam vidyāt tam amitram vinirdiśet

15. tathā eva yaḥ ati udakāt bhītaḥ tasya bhedanam icchati
yam evam lakṣaṇam vidyāt tam amitram vinirdiśet

15. Similarly, one who, being afraid of excessive water, desires its breaching (of dams) — one should identify such a person, possessing these characteristics, as an enemy.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that way

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just, only

• अति (ati) - excessive, over, beyond

• उदकात् (udakāt) - from water, due to water

• भीतः (bhītaḥ) - afraid, frightened, fearing

• तस्य (tasya) - its, of it, of that

• भेदनम् (bhedanam) - the breaching (of dams/embankments) (breaking, breaching, splitting)

• इच्छति (icchati) - desires, wishes

• यम् (yam) - whom, which (masculine singular)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• लक्षणम् (lakṣaṇam) - possessing such characteristics (characterized, having marks/signs)

• विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know

• तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine singular)

• अमित्रम् (amitram) - an enemy, a non-friend

• विनिर्दिशेत् (vinirdiśet) - one should designate, one should declare

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that way

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just, only

(indeclinable)

अति (ati) - excessive, over, beyond

(indeclinable)

Note: Here functions adverbially as part of an implied compound 'atyudaka' or modifies 'udakāt'.

उदकात् (udakāt) - from water, due to water

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of udaka

udaka - water

भीतः (bhītaḥ) - afraid, frightened, fearing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīta

bhīta - afraid, frightened, fearful

Past Passive Participle

Root bhī (to fear) + -ta suffix

Root: bhī (class 3)

तस्य (tasya) - its, of it, of that

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

भेदनम् (bhedanam) - the breaching (of dams/embankments) (breaking, breaching, splitting)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhedana

bhedana - breaking, splitting, piercing, breaching, causing disunion

Verbal noun

Root bhid (to break) + -ana suffix

Root: bhid (class 7)

इच्छति (icchati) - desires, wishes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)

यम् (yam) - whom, which (masculine singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

लक्षणम् (lakṣaṇam) - possessing such characteristics (characterized, having marks/signs)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lakṣaṇa

lakṣaṇa - mark, sign, characteristic, attribute, definition

Note: Used here adjectivally to describe 'yam'.

विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अमित्रम् (amitram) - an enemy, a non-friend

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of amitra

amitra - enemy, foe, non-friend

Compound: a (neg.) + mitra (friend)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+mitra)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)

विनिर्दिशेत् (vinirdiśet) - one should designate, one should declare

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of vinirdiś

Prefixes: vi+nir

Root: diś (class 6)