महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-81, verse-31

एते कर्माणि कुर्वन्ति स्पर्धमाना मिथः सदा ।
अनुतिष्ठन्ति चैवार्थानाचक्षाणाः परस्परम् ॥३१॥

31. ete karmāṇi kurvanti spardhamānā mithaḥ sadā ,
anutiṣṭhanti caivārthānācakṣāṇāḥ parasparam.

31. ete karmāṇi kurvanti spardhamānā mithaḥ sadā
anu tiṣṭhanti ca eva arthān ācakṣāṇāḥ parasparam

31. ete sadā mithaḥ spardhamānāḥ karmāṇi kurvanti
arthān ca eva parasparam ācakṣāṇāḥ anu tiṣṭhanti

31. Always competing with one another, these ministers perform their tasks and continually report on matters to each other, executing them accordingly.

Words meanings summery:

• एते (ete) - these ministers (these)

• कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - administrative tasks and duties (actions, duties, tasks)

• कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - they perform their duties (they do, they perform, they make)

• स्पर्धमानाः (spardhamānāḥ) - competing with each other in excellence (competing, emulating)

• मिथः (mithaḥ) - with one another (mutually, reciprocally, with each other)

• सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever, continually)

• अनु तिष्ठन्ति (anu tiṣṭhanti) - they carry out or execute matters (they follow, they execute, they practice)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, precisely, exactly)

• अर्थान् (arthān) - state matters and affairs (objects, matters, purposes, wealth, affairs)

• आचक्षाणाः (ācakṣāṇāḥ) - reporting matters to each other (telling, declaring, reporting, explaining)

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - to one another (mutually, one another)

Words meanings and morphology

एते (ete) - these ministers (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this

कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - administrative tasks and duties (actions, duties, tasks)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of karman

karman - action, deed, work

कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - they perform their duties (they do, they perform, they make)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

स्पर्धमानाः (spardhamānāḥ) - competing with each other in excellence (competing, emulating)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of spardhamāna

spardhamāna - competing, emulating

Present Participle

middle participle of spardh

Root: spardh (class 1)

मिथः (mithaḥ) - with one another (mutually, reciprocally, with each other)

(indeclinable)

सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever, continually)

(indeclinable)

अनु तिष्ठन्ति (anu tiṣṭhanti) - they carry out or execute matters (they follow, they execute, they practice)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of anu-sthā

Prefix: anu

Root: sthā (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, precisely, exactly)

(indeclinable)

अर्थान् (arthān) - state matters and affairs (objects, matters, purposes, wealth, affairs)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of artha

artha - purpose, matter, object, wealth

आचक्षाणाः (ācakṣāṇāḥ) - reporting matters to each other (telling, declaring, reporting, explaining)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ācakṣāṇa

ācakṣāṇa - telling, reporting, declaring

Present Participle

middle participle of ā-cakṣ

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

परस्परम् (parasparam) - to one another (mutually, one another)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paraspara

paraspara - each other, one another

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