महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-81, verse-38

तान्मानयेत्पूजयेच्च नित्यं वाचा च कर्मणा ।
कुर्याच्च प्रियमेतेभ्यो नाप्रियं किंचिदाचरेत् ॥३८॥

38. tānmānayetpūjayecca nityaṁ vācā ca karmaṇā ,
kuryācca priyametebhyo nāpriyaṁ kiṁcidācaret.

38. तान् मानयेत् पूजयेत् च नित्यम् वाचा च कर्मणा कुर्यात्
च प्रियम् एतेभ्यः न अप्रियम् किञ्चित् आचरेत्

38. तान् नित्यम् वाचा च कर्मणा च मानयेत् पूजयेत् एतेभ्यः
प्रियम् च कुर्यात् किञ्चित् अप्रियम् न आचरेत्

38. One should always show honor and reverence towards them with both speech and action (karma). One should also do what is pleasing for them and never perform anything disagreeable.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - them, those

• मानयेत् (mānayet) - one should honor, respect, esteem

• पूजयेत् (pūjayet) - one should worship, revere, honor

• च (ca) - and, also

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• वाचा (vācā) - by speech, by words

• च (ca) - and, also

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action, by deed

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - one should do, make, perform

• च (ca) - and, also

• प्रियम् (priyam) - what is pleasing (dear, pleasing, agreeable, good)

• एतेभ्यः (etebhyaḥ) - to these, for these

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - anything disagreeable (unpleasant, disagreeable, harmful)

• किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything, something, at all

• आचरेत् (ācaret) - one should do, perform, behave

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - them, those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the kinsmen (jñāti) from the previous verse.

मानयेत् (mānayet) - one should honor, respect, esteem

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of mānay

Causative Optative Active

Causative stem from root man (to think)

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Implying 'one should cause to be honored' or simply 'one should honor'.

पूजयेत् (pūjayet) - one should worship, revere, honor

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pūjay

Causative Optative Active

Causative stem from root pūj; also functions as a 10th class root directly

Root: pūj (class 10)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use.

वाचा (vācā) - by speech, by words

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice

Root: vac (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action, by deed

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work (karma)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - one should do, make, perform

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kṛ

Optative Active

root kṛ (8th class)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

प्रियम् (priyam) - what is pleasing (dear, pleasing, agreeable, good)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing

Root: prī (class 9)

एतेभ्यः (etebhyaḥ) - to these, for these

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Dative case is appropriate here for 'to/for these'.

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - anything disagreeable (unpleasant, disagreeable, harmful)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, hateful

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+priya)

• na – not
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective (neuter)
  Root: prī (class 9)

किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything, something, at all

(indeclinable)

Note: Can also be seen as an adjective modifying apriyam, or an adverb.

आचरेत् (ācaret) - one should do, perform, behave

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of ācar

Optative Active

root car (1st class) with upasarga ā

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)