महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-81, verse-2

किंशीलः किंसमाचारो राज्ञोऽर्थसचिवो भवेत् ।
कीदृशे विश्वसेद्राजा कीदृशे नापि विश्वसेत् ॥२॥

2. kiṁśīlaḥ kiṁsamācāro rājño'rthasacivo bhavet ,
kīdṛśe viśvasedrājā kīdṛśe nāpi viśvaset.

2. kiṃśīlaḥ kim samācāraḥ rājñaḥ arthasacivaḥ bhavet
kīdṛśe viśvaset rājā kīdṛśe na api viśvaset

2. rājñaḥ arthasacivaḥ kiṃśīlaḥ kiṃsamācāraḥ bhavet? rājā kīdṛśe viśvaset,
kīdṛśe na api viśvaset (iti)?

2. What should be the character and conduct of a king's minister for financial (artha) affairs? In what kind of person should the king place his trust, and in what kind should he certainly not?

Words meanings summery:

• किंशीलः (kiṁśīlaḥ) - of what character, what is his nature?

• किम् (kim) - what, which, why

• समाचारः (samācāraḥ) - conduct, behavior, practice, custom

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

• अर्थसचिवः (arthasacivaḥ) - minister for wealth/affairs, finance minister

• भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be, would be

• कीदृशे (kīdṛśe) - in what kind of, in such a person/thing

• विश्वसेत् (viśvaset) - should trust, should have confidence

• राजा (rājā) - the king

• कीदृशे (kīdṛśe) - in what kind of, in such a person/thing

• न (na) - not, no

• अपि (api) - even, also, too, indeed, certainly

• विश्वसेत् (viśvaset) - should trust, should have confidence

Words meanings and morphology

किंशीलः (kiṁśīlaḥ) - of what character, what is his nature?

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kiṃśīla

kiṁśīla - of what disposition/character, what is his nature?

Compound of kim (what) + śīla (character)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kim+śīla)

• kim – what, which, why
  interrogative pronoun (neuter)
• śīla – character, disposition, nature, habit
  noun (neuter)

किम् (kim) - what, which, why

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Used as the first part of the compound 'kiṃsamācāraḥ' (what conduct).

समाचारः (samācāraḥ) - conduct, behavior, practice, custom

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samācāra

samācāra - conduct, behavior, custom, practice, usage

From sam-ā-√car (to move or act completely)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Forms a compound with 'kim' (kim-samācāraḥ).

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

अर्थसचिवः (arthasacivaḥ) - minister for wealth/affairs, finance minister

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arthasaciva

arthasaciva - minister of finance, minister for material affairs

Compound of artha (wealth, purpose, affairs) + saciva (minister)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (artha+saciva)

• artha – aim, purpose, object, wealth, material prosperity
  noun (masculine)
• saciva – companion, minister, advisor
  noun (masculine)

भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be, would be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

कीदृशे (kīdṛśe) - in what kind of, in such a person/thing

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of kīdṛś

kīdṛś - of what sort, of what kind, what like

From kim (what) + dṛś (like)

Note: Refers to 'in what kind of person'.

विश्वसेत् (viśvaset) - should trust, should have confidence

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of viśvas

From vi (prefix) + √śvas (to breathe, to trust)

Prefix: vi

Root: śvas (class 2)

राजा (rājā) - the king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

कीदृशे (kīdṛśe) - in what kind of, in such a person/thing

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of kīdṛś

kīdṛś - of what sort, of what kind, what like

From kim (what) + dṛś (like)

Note: Refers to 'in what kind of person'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also, too, indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

विश्वसेत् (viśvaset) - should trust, should have confidence

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of viśvas

From vi (prefix) + √śvas (to breathe, to trust)

Prefix: vi

Root: śvas (class 2)