महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-81, verse-3

भीष्म उवाच ।
चतुर्विधानि मित्राणि राज्ञां राजन्भवन्त्युत ।
सहार्थो भजमानश्च सहजः कृत्रिमस्तथा ॥३॥

3. bhīṣma uvāca ,
caturvidhāni mitrāṇi rājñāṁ rājanbhavantyuta ,
sahārtho bhajamānaśca sahajaḥ kṛtrimastathā.

3. bhīṣma uvāca caturvidhāni mitrāṇi rājñām rājan bhavanti
uta sahārthaḥ bhajamānaḥ ca sahajaḥ kṛtrimaḥ tathā

3. bhīṣma uvāca rājan,
rājñām caturvidhāni mitrāṇi uta bhavanti.
(te) sahārthaḥ,
bhajamānaḥ ca,
sahajaḥ,
kṛtrimaḥ tathā (iti)

3. Bhīṣma said: O King, there are indeed four kinds of allies for kings: those with a common interest, those who offer service for gain, those who are natural or inherent allies, and those who are artificial (or acquired).

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma (name of a great warrior and elder in the Mahābhārata)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• चतुर्विधानि (caturvidhāni) - of four kinds, fourfold

• मित्राणि (mitrāṇi) - friends, allies

• राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - are, exist, become

• उत (uta) - indeed, moreover, also

• सहार्थः (sahārthaḥ) - one having a common purpose/interest, having a joint aim

• भजमानः (bhajamānaḥ) - one who serves, resorts to, seeks gain, devoted

• च (ca) - and, also

• सहजः (sahajaḥ) - inborn, natural, inherent

• कृत्रिमः (kṛtrimaḥ) - artificial, made, acquired, factitious

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, also, likewise

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma (name of a great warrior and elder in the Mahābhārata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma, terrible, formidable

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

चतुर्विधानि (caturvidhāni) - of four kinds, fourfold

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of caturvidha

caturvidha - of four kinds, fourfold

Compound of catur (four) + vidha (kind)

Compound type : dvigu (catur+vidha)

• catur – four
  numeral
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)

मित्राणि (mitrāṇi) - friends, allies

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of mitra

mitra - friend, companion, ally, the sun

राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - are, exist, become

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

उत (uta) - indeed, moreover, also

(indeclinable)

सहार्थः (sahārthaḥ) - one having a common purpose/interest, having a joint aim

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahārtha

sahārtha - having a common object or purpose, having a common cause

Compound of saha (with) + artha (purpose, interest)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saha+artha)

• saha – with, together, along with
  indeclinable
• artha – aim, purpose, object, wealth, material prosperity
  noun (masculine)

भजमानः (bhajamānaḥ) - one who serves, resorts to, seeks gain, devoted

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhajamāna

bhajamāna - worshipping, honoring, serving, resorting to, participating in

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root √bhaj (to share, serve, worship)

Root: bhaj (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सहजः (sahajaḥ) - inborn, natural, inherent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahaja

sahaja - inborn, natural, inherent, congenital, brother or sister

Compound of saha (with) + ja (born, produced)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saha+ja)

• saha – with, together, along with
  indeclinable
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  From root √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

कृत्रिमः (kṛtrimaḥ) - artificial, made, acquired, factitious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtrima

kṛtrima - artificial, made, acquired, factitious, not natural

From root √kṛ (to do, make) + -trima (suffix)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, also, likewise

(indeclinable)