महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-81, verse-16

यः समृद्ध्या न तुष्येत क्षये दीनतरो भवेत् ।
एतदुत्तममित्रस्य निमित्तमभिचक्षते ॥१६॥

16. yaḥ samṛddhyā na tuṣyeta kṣaye dīnataro bhavet ,
etaduttamamitrasya nimittamabhicakṣate.

16. yaḥ samṛddhyā na tuṣyeta kṣaye dīnataraḥ bhavet
etat uttamamitrasya nimittam abhicakṣate

16. yaḥ samṛddhyā na tuṣyeta kṣaye dīnataraḥ bhavet
etat uttamamitrasya nimittam abhicakṣate

16. He who is not pleased by (a friend's) prosperity, and becomes more miserable in (a friend's) decline – this is what they declare to be a characteristic of an excellent friend.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• समृद्ध्या (samṛddhyā) - by prosperity, with abundance

• न (na) - not, no

• तुष्येत (tuṣyeta) - he would be pleased, he would be satisfied

• क्षये (kṣaye) - in decline, in loss, in destruction

• दीनतरः (dīnataraḥ) - more miserable, more wretched, more distressed

• भवेत् (bhavet) - he would be, he would become

• एतत् (etat) - this

• उत्तममित्रस्य (uttamamitrasya) - of an excellent friend, of a best friend

• निमित्तम् (nimittam) - a characteristic, a sign, a cause

• अभिचक्षते (abhicakṣate) - they declare, they state, they describe

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

समृद्ध्या (samṛddhyā) - by prosperity, with abundance

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of samṛddhi

samṛddhi - prosperity, abundance, success, accomplishment

Root ṛdh (to prosper) with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛdh (class 4)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तुष्येत (tuṣyeta) - he would be pleased, he would be satisfied

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of tuṣ

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

क्षये (kṣaye) - in decline, in loss, in destruction

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - decline, loss, destruction, end, waste

दीनतरः (dīnataraḥ) - more miserable, more wretched, more distressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīnatara

dīnatara - more wretched, more distressed, more sorrowful

Comparative form of dīna (wretched) with -tara suffix

भवेत् (bhavet) - he would be, he would become

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

उत्तममित्रस्य (uttamamitrasya) - of an excellent friend, of a best friend

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of uttamamitra

uttamamitra - excellent friend, best friend

Compound of uttama and mitra

Compound type : karmadhāraya (uttama+mitra)

• uttama – best, excellent, highest, supreme
  adjective
  Superlative of ud (up)
• mitra – friend, companion, ally
  noun (masculine)

निमित्तम् (nimittam) - a characteristic, a sign, a cause

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nimitta

nimitta - sign, mark, cause, motive, characteristic, omen

अभिचक्षते (abhicakṣate) - they declare, they state, they describe

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of abhicakṣ

Root cakṣ (to see) with prefix abhi-

Prefix: abhi

Root: cakṣ (class 2)