महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-81, verse-19

क्षताद्भीतं विजानीयादुत्तमं मित्रलक्षणम् ।
ये तस्य क्षतमिच्छन्ति ते तस्य रिपवः स्मृताः ॥१९॥

19. kṣatādbhītaṁ vijānīyāduttamaṁ mitralakṣaṇam ,
ye tasya kṣatamicchanti te tasya ripavaḥ smṛtāḥ.

19. kṣatāt bhītam vijānīyāt uttamam mitralakṣaṇam ye
tasya kṣatam icchanti te tasya ripavaḥ smṛtāḥ

19. kṣatāt bhītam uttamam mitralakṣaṇam vijānīyāt ye
tasya kṣatam icchanti te tasya ripavaḥ smṛtāḥ

19. One should recognize that a fear of injury (for the primary person) is an excellent characteristic of a friend. Those who desire harm for that person (the primary individual) are indeed considered his enemies.

Words meanings summery:

• क्षतात् (kṣatāt) - from injury (to the primary person) (from injury, from harm)

• भीतम् (bhītam) - being afraid, fearful (as a characteristic) (afraid, fearful)

• विजानीयात् (vijānīyāt) - one should recognize (one should know, one should understand, one should recognize)

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best (best, excellent, highest)

• मित्रलक्षणम् (mitralakṣaṇam) - characteristic of a friend

• ये (ye) - those who (who (plural))

• तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to the primary person being protected) (his, of him, of that)

• क्षतम् (kṣatam) - harm (injury, harm, wound)

• इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - they desire (they wish, they desire)

• ते (te) - they (the people wishing harm) (they, those)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to the primary person being protected) (his, of him, of that)

• रिपवः (ripavaḥ) - enemies (enemies, foes)

• स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - are considered (remembered, considered, known)

Words meanings and morphology

क्षतात् (kṣatāt) - from injury (to the primary person) (from injury, from harm)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kṣata

kṣata - injury, wound, harm, damage

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of kṣaṇ (to injure)

Root: kṣaṇ (class 1)

Note: Expresses the cause of fear.

भीतम् (bhītam) - being afraid, fearful (as a characteristic) (afraid, fearful)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhīta

bhīta - afraid, fearful, terrified

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of bhī (to fear)

Root: bhī (class 3)

विजानीयात् (vijānīyāt) - one should recognize (one should know, one should understand, one should recognize)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of vi-jñā

Optative

Root verb jñā (9th class), Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular Optative

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best (best, excellent, highest)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - best, excellent, highest, supreme

Note: Agrees with 'mitralakṣaṇam'.

मित्रलक्षणम् (mitralakṣaṇam) - characteristic of a friend

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mitralakṣaṇa

mitralakṣaṇa - sign/characteristic of a friend

Compound type : tatpurusha (mitra+lakṣaṇa)

• mitra – friend, companion, sun god
  noun (neuter)
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic, attribute
  noun (neuter)

ये (ye) - those who (who (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ya

ya - who, which

तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to the primary person being protected) (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

क्षतम् (kṣatam) - harm (injury, harm, wound)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṣata

kṣata - injury, wound, harm, damage

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of kṣaṇ (to injure)

Root: kṣaṇ (class 1)

इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - they desire (they wish, they desire)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present Active

Root verb iṣ (6th class), Parasmaipada, 3rd person plural Present tense

Root: iṣ (class 6)

ते (te) - they (the people wishing harm) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to the primary person being protected) (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

रिपवः (ripavaḥ) - enemies (enemies, foes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ripu

ripu - enemy, foe, adversary

स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - are considered (remembered, considered, known)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recollected, considered, prescribed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of smṛ (to remember)

Root: smṛ (class 1)