महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-295, verse-30

अनयाहं वशीभूतः कालमेतं न बुद्धवान् ।
उच्चमध्यमनीचानां तामहं कथमावसे ॥३०॥

30. anayāhaṁ vaśībhūtaḥ kālametaṁ na buddhavān ,
uccamadhyamanīcānāṁ tāmahaṁ kathamāvase.

30. anayā aham vaśībhūtaḥ kālam etam na buddhvān
uccamadhyamanīcānām tām aham katham āvase

30. anayā aham vaśībhūtaḥ,
etam kālam na buddhvān.
aham uccamadhyamanīcānām tām katham āvase?

30. By this [influence], I was overpowered and did not comprehend this time. How can I, then, reside with her who manifests as the high, middle, and low [classifications]?

Words meanings summery:

• अनया (anayā) - by this (feminine power or influence, likely `prakṛti` or `māyā`) (by this, through this)

• अहम् (aham) - I (first person pronoun) (I)

• वशीभूतः (vaśībhūtaḥ) - overpowered, brought under control (subdued, overpowered, controlled, subjected)

• कालम् (kālam) - (for) this period (duration) (time, period, season)

• एतम् (etam) - this (time) (this, this one)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• बुद्धवान् (buddhavān) - did not comprehend (understood, perceived, known, realized)

• उच्चमध्यमनीचानाम् (uccamadhyamanīcānām) - of those (qualities or beings) that are high, middle, and low (of the high, middle, and low, of superior, average, and inferior (qualities/classes))

• ताम् (tām) - her (referring to the same feminine influence as `anayā`) (her, that (feminine))

• अहम् (aham) - I (first person pronoun) (I)

• कथम् (katham) - how? (interrogative adverb) (how? in what manner? why?)

• आवसे (āvase) - I can reside (with her) (I dwell, I reside, I stay, I should dwell)

Words meanings and morphology

अनया (anayā) - by this (feminine power or influence, likely `prakṛti` or `māyā`) (by this, through this)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, she, it (demonstrative pronoun stem)

Note: Indicates agency or means.

अहम् (aham) - I (first person pronoun) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun stem)

First person singular pronoun stem.

वशीभूतः (vaśībhūtaḥ) - overpowered, brought under control (subdued, overpowered, controlled, subjected)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaśībhūta

vaśībhūta - subdued, overpowered, controlled, subjected

Past Passive Participle

Compound of `vaśī` (under control) and `bhūta` (become, been, P.P.P. of `bhū`).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vaśī+bhūta)

• vaśī – under control, subject to
  adjective
  From `vaśa` (will, power, control).
• bhūta – become, been, existed, element, being
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `bhū` (to be, to become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used as a predicate adjective for 'aham'.

कालम् (kālam) - (for) this period (duration) (time, period, season)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, duration

Note: Indicates duration of time (accusative of duration).

एतम् (etam) - this (time) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one (demonstrative pronoun stem)

Note: Qualifies 'kālam'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

बुद्धवान् (buddhavān) - did not comprehend (understood, perceived, known, realized)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of buddha

buddha - understood, perceived, awakened, enlightened; one who knows

Past Passive Participle

From root `budh` (to know, perceive, awaken). The suffix `vān` indicates active sense of a past participle (Kṛt Pratyaya, Kartari Prayoga).

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: The suffix `-vat` (here `-vān` in masculine nominative singular) transforms a PPP into an active past participle.

उच्चमध्यमनीचानाम् (uccamadhyamanīcānām) - of those (qualities or beings) that are high, middle, and low (of the high, middle, and low, of superior, average, and inferior (qualities/classes))

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of uccamadhyamanīca

uccamadhyamanīca - high, middle, and low; superior, average, and inferior

Dvanda compound of `ucca` (high), `madhyama` (middle), and `nīca` (low).

Compound type : dvandva (ucca+madhyama+nīca)

• ucca – high, elevated, lofty, superior
  adjective (masculine)
• madhyama – middle, intermediate, average
  adjective (masculine)
• nīca – low, inferior, base, humble
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `tām` implicitly or refers to the characteristics associated with `tām`.

ताम् (tām) - her (referring to the same feminine influence as `anayā`) (her, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it (demonstrative pronoun stem)

Note: Object of `āvase`.

अहम् (aham) - I (first person pronoun) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun stem)

First person singular pronoun stem.

कथम् (katham) - how? (interrogative adverb) (how? in what manner? why?)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb, from pronoun `kim`.

आवसे (āvase) - I can reside (with her) (I dwell, I reside, I stay, I should dwell)

(verb)

1st person , singular, ātmanepada, present (laṭ) of vas

Present tense active voice

From root `vas` (to dwell) with prefix `ā`. First person singular, present tense, Ātmanepada, often implies potentiality in such contexts.

Prefix: ā

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Can carry a sense of 'should' or 'can' in a rhetorical question.