महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-295, verse-19

क्षरो भवत्येष यदा तदा गुणवतीमथ ।
प्रकृतिं त्वभिजानाति निर्गुणत्वं तथात्मनः ॥१९॥

19. kṣaro bhavatyeṣa yadā tadā guṇavatīmatha ,
prakṛtiṁ tvabhijānāti nirguṇatvaṁ tathātmanaḥ.

19. kṣaraḥ bhavati eṣaḥ yadā tadā guṇavatīm atha
prakṛtim tu abhijānāti nirguṇatvam tathā ātmanaḥ

19. yadā eṣaḥ kṣaraḥ bhavati,
tadā tu atha guṇavatīm prakṛtim abhijānāti,
tathā ātmanaḥ nirguṇatvam (abhijānāti)

19. However, when this (knower of the field) becomes perishable (kṣara), then he comes to understand nature (prakṛti) as endowed with qualities (guṇavatī), and similarly, the attributelessness (nirguṇatva) of the self (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• क्षरः (kṣaraḥ) - transient, subject to decay (opposite of akṣara) (perishable, destructible, decaying)

• भवति (bhavati) - he becomes (he is, he becomes, he exists)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (referring to the knower of the field) (this, this one, he)

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• गुणवतीम् (guṇavatīm) - (nature) as having the three constituents (guṇas) (endowed with qualities, having attributes)

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon (then, now, moreover, further)

• प्रकृतिम् (prakṛtim) - the material nature (prakṛti) of the universe (nature, primordial matter)

• तु (tu) - indeed, emphasizing the statement (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

• अभिजानाति (abhijānāti) - he comes to understand or apprehend (he knows, he recognizes, he understands)

• निर्गुणत्वम् (nirguṇatvam) - the state of being free from the influence of the guṇas. (state of being without qualities, attributelessness)

• तथा (tathā) - and, similarly (thus, so, in that way, and, similarly)

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the individual self (ātman) (of the self, of the soul, of the spirit)

Words meanings and morphology

क्षरः (kṣaraḥ) - transient, subject to decay (opposite of akṣara) (perishable, destructible, decaying)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣara

kṣara - perishable, destructible, decaying, flowing

From root √kṣar (to flow, to perish).

Root: kṣar (class 1)

भवति (bhavati) - he becomes (he is, he becomes, he exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present Active

From root √bhū (1st class, Parasmaipada).

Root: bhū (class 1)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (referring to the knower of the field) (this, this one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Nominative singular masculine of etad.

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable adverb formed from pronominal base yad.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable adverb formed from pronominal base tad.

गुणवतीम् (guṇavatīm) - (nature) as having the three constituents (guṇas) (endowed with qualities, having attributes)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of guṇavat

guṇavat - possessing qualities, endowed with virtues, having attributes

From guṇa + -vat (possessive suffix). Feminine form.

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon (then, now, moreover, further)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

प्रकृतिम् (prakṛtim) - the material nature (prakṛti) of the universe (nature, primordial matter)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of prakṛti

prakṛti - nature, primary matter, origin, fundamental principle, disposition

From pra- + √kṛ (to make, do).

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'abhijānāti'.

तु (tu) - indeed, emphasizing the statement (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

अभिजानाति (abhijānāti) - he comes to understand or apprehend (he knows, he recognizes, he understands)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of abhijñā

Present Active

From abhi- + √jñā (9th class, Parasmaipada).

Prefix: abhi

Root: jñā (class 9)

निर्गुणत्वम् (nirguṇatvam) - the state of being free from the influence of the guṇas. (state of being without qualities, attributelessness)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nirguṇatva

nirguṇatva - state of being without qualities, attributelessness

From nirguṇa (without qualities) + -tva (suffix for abstract noun).

तथा (tathā) - and, similarly (thus, so, in that way, and, similarly)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the individual self (ātman) (of the self, of the soul, of the spirit)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

From root √an (to breathe).

Root: an (class 2)