महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-295, verse-14

गुणानां महदादीनामुत्पद्यति परस्परम् ।
अधिष्ठानात्क्षेत्रमाहुरेतत्तत्पञ्चविंशकम् ॥१४॥

14. guṇānāṁ mahadādīnāmutpadyati parasparam ,
adhiṣṭhānātkṣetramāhuretattatpañcaviṁśakam.

14. guṇānām mahadādīnām utpadyati parasparam |
adhiṣṭhānāt kṣetram āhuḥ etat tat pañcaviṃśakam

14. guṇānām mahadādīnām parasparam utpadyati adhiṣṭhānāt etat kṣetram āhuḥ; tat pañcaviṃśakam.

14. The constituents (guṇa), beginning with Mahat (intellect), originate from one another. From the foundational support (adhiṣṭhāna), they call this the 'field' (kṣetra); and that (support itself) is the twenty-fifth (principle).

Words meanings summery:

• गुणानाम् (guṇānām) - of the fundamental constituents (guṇa) (of the qualities, of the constituents)

• महदादीनाम् (mahadādīnām) - referring to the evolutes of Prakṛti, starting with Mahat (intellect) (of those beginning with Mahat, of Mahat and others)

• उत्पद्यति (utpadyati) - originate (from each other) (arises, is produced, originates)

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - from one another (mutually, from one another)

• अधिष्ठानात् (adhiṣṭhānāt) - from the foundational support (referring to Puruṣa as the underlying consciousness) (from the foundation, from the basis, from the support)

• क्षेत्रम् (kṣetram) - the 'field' (kṣetra) of experience, referring to Prakṛti and its evolutes (the field, area, body)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they (scholars/sages) call (they say, they declare, they call)

• एतत् (etat) - refers to the 'kṣetra' (this)

• तत् (tat) - refers to the 'adhiṣṭhāna' (foundational support) (that)

• पञ्चविंशकम् (pañcaviṁśakam) - refers to the twenty-fifth principle, Puruṣa (the twenty-fifth)

Words meanings and morphology

गुणानाम् (guṇānām) - of the fundamental constituents (guṇa) (of the qualities, of the constituents)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, constituent, strand, property

Note: masculine genitive plural form of 'guṇa'

महदादीनाम् (mahadādīnām) - referring to the evolutes of Prakṛti, starting with Mahat (intellect) (of those beginning with Mahat, of Mahat and others)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mahadādi

mahadādi - beginning with Mahat

Compound of 'mahat' and 'ādi'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahat+ādi)

• mahat – great, large, the great principle (intellect/buddhi in Sāṃkhya)
  noun (neuter)
• ādi – beginning, et cetera
  noun (masculine)

Note: masculine genitive plural form of 'mahadādi'

उत्पद्यति (utpadyati) - originate (from each other) (arises, is produced, originates)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of ut-pad

From root 'pad' (to go, fall) with prefix 'ut'. 'utpad' (to arise, be produced) is class 4 ātmanepada, 'utpadyate'. The form 'utpadyati' (parasmaipada) is also seen in later Sanskrit or some texts.

Prefix: ud

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: 3rd person singular present form. Subject "guṇāḥ" (implied, by their genitive relationship with mahadādīnām) makes it function as plural.

परस्परम् (parasparam) - from one another (mutually, from one another)

(indeclinable)

Reciprocal pronoun.

Note: Accusative singular neuter of 'paraspara', used adverbially.

अधिष्ठानात् (adhiṣṭhānāt) - from the foundational support (referring to Puruṣa as the underlying consciousness) (from the foundation, from the basis, from the support)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of adhiṣṭhāna

adhiṣṭhāna - foundation, basis, seat, support, substratum

From root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefix 'adhi' and suffix 'ana'.

Prefix: adhi

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: neuter ablative singular form of 'adhiṣṭhāna'

क्षेत्रम् (kṣetram) - the 'field' (kṣetra) of experience, referring to Prakṛti and its evolutes (the field, area, body)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṣetra

kṣetra - field, ground, body, sphere of action, sacred place

From root 'kṣi' (to dwell) or 'kṣar' (to perish) with suffix 'tra'.

Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: neuter accusative singular form of 'kṣetra'

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they (scholars/sages) call (they say, they declare, they call)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (liṭ) of ah

From root 'ah' (to say, to speak). 'āhuḥ' is 3rd plural perfect form, but used here in a present sense.

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: 3rd person plural form (lit. perfect, but used as general present) of 'ah'

एतत् (etat) - refers to the 'kṣetra' (this)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, these

Note: neuter nominative/accusative singular form of 'etad'

तत् (tat) - refers to the 'adhiṣṭhāna' (foundational support) (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: neuter nominative singular form of 'tad'

पञ्चविंशकम् (pañcaviṁśakam) - refers to the twenty-fifth principle, Puruṣa (the twenty-fifth)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pañcaviṃśaka

pañcaviṁśaka - twenty-fifth, consisting of twenty-five

From 'pañcaviṃśati' (twenty-five) with suffix 'ka'.

Note: neuter nominative singular form of 'pañcaviṃśaka'