महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-295, verse-23

किं मया कृतमेतावद्योऽहं कालमिमं जनम् ।
मत्स्यो जालं ह्यविज्ञानादनुवर्तितवांस्तथा ॥२३॥

23. kiṁ mayā kṛtametāvadyo'haṁ kālamimaṁ janam ,
matsyo jālaṁ hyavijñānādanuvartitavāṁstathā.

23. kim mayā kṛtam etāvat yaḥ aham kālam imam janam
matsyaḥ jālam hi avijñānāt anuvarthitavān tathā

23. kim mayā etāvat kṛtam? yaḥ aham hi avijñānāt tathā
matsyaḥ jālam imam kālam janam anuvarthitavān

23. What have I done all this time, I who, like a fish in a net, have surely submitted to this temporal existence (saṃsāra) due to ignorance?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what, why

• मया (mayā) - by me

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, performed

• एतावत् (etāvat) - so much, so far, to this extent

• यः (yaḥ) - who (masculine singular)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• कालम् (kālam) - time, duration

• इमम् (imam) - this

• जनम् (janam) - the worldly existence or the cycle of birth and death (saṃsāra) (world, people, creature, existence)

• मत्स्यः (matsyaḥ) - a fish

• जालम् (jālam) - a net

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• अविज्ञानात् (avijñānāt) - due to ignorance, from lack of knowledge

• अनुवर्थितवान् (anuvarthitavān) - has followed, has conformed, has submitted to

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, in that manner, just so

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what, why

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why, how

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, we, us

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, performed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛ - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

from root kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Functions here as predicate of 'kim'.

एतावत् (etāvat) - so much, so far, to this extent

(indeclinable)

from demonstrative pronoun etad

Note: Qualifies 'kṛtam'.

यः (yaḥ) - who (masculine singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun referring to 'aham'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, we, us

कालम् (kālam) - time, duration

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, death

Note: Accusative of duration.

इमम् (imam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, that which is near

Note: Qualifies kālam and janam.

जनम् (janam) - the worldly existence or the cycle of birth and death (saṃsāra) (world, people, creature, existence)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, people, creature, world, existence

from root jan (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Used in the sense of the worldly existence or the cycle of birth and death (saṃsāra).

मत्स्यः (matsyaḥ) - a fish

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of matsya

matsya - fish

Note: Subject of the analogy.

जालम् (jālam) - a net

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jāla

jāla - net, web, snare

Note: Object of the analogy.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

अविज्ञानात् (avijñānāt) - due to ignorance, from lack of knowledge

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of avijñāna

avijñāna - ignorance, lack of knowledge, nescience

negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) of vijñāna (knowledge)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vijñāna)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• vijñāna – discernment, knowledge, understanding, cognition
  noun (neuter)
  from root jñā with prefix vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Indicates cause or reason.

अनुवर्थितवान् (anuvarthitavān) - has followed, has conformed, has submitted to

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anuvarthitavat

anuvarthitavat - one who has followed, conformed, or submitted

Perfect Active Participle (kṛt)

from root vṛt (to turn, to be) with prefix anu, formed with the suffix -tavat

Prefix: anu

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Functions as the main verb of the relative clause, describing 'aham'.

तथा (tathā) - similarly, in that manner, just so

(indeclinable)

from demonstrative pronoun tad

Note: Introduces the comparison.