महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-295, verse-20

तदा विशुद्धो भवति प्रकृतेः परिवर्जनात् ।
अन्योऽहमन्येयमिति यदा बुध्यति बुद्धिमान् ॥२०॥

20. tadā viśuddho bhavati prakṛteḥ parivarjanāt ,
anyo'hamanyeyamiti yadā budhyati buddhimān.

20. tadā viśuddhaḥ bhavati prakṛteḥ parivarjanāt
anyaḥ aham anyā iyam iti yadā budhyati buddhimān

20. yadā buddhimān anyaḥ aham anyā iyam iti budhyati
tadā prakṛteḥ parivarjanāt viśuddhaḥ bhavati

20. When the discerning person understands, 'I am distinct from this (nature),' then, by completely relinquishing the totality of nature (prakṛti), they become pure.

Words meanings summery:

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• विशुद्धः (viśuddhaḥ) - pure, purified, liberated

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, exists

• प्रकृतेः (prakṛteḥ) - from nature, of nature

• परिवर्जनात् (parivarjanāt) - by abandoning, by relinquishing, by avoiding

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other, distinct, different

• अहम् (aham) - I

• अन्या (anyā) - other, different (feminine)

• इयम् (iyam) - this (feminine)

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking direct speech

• यदा (yadā) - when

• बुध्यति (budhyati) - understands, perceives, knows

• बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - intelligent, discerning, wise person

Words meanings and morphology

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

from demonstrative pronoun tad

विशुद्धः (viśuddhaḥ) - pure, purified, liberated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśuddha

viśuddha - pure, purified, clean, free from sin, liberated

Past Passive Participle

from root śudh (to purify) with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: śudh (class 4)

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (lat) of bhū

Present Indicative

3rd person singular present active

Root: bhū (class 1)

प्रकृतेः (prakṛteḥ) - from nature, of nature

(noun)

feminine, singular of prakṛti

prakṛti - nature, original form, material cause, primordial matter, fundamental constitution (prakṛti)

from root kṛ with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Ablative case here to denote 'from' or 'by means of' relinquishing.

परिवर्जनात् (parivarjanāt) - by abandoning, by relinquishing, by avoiding

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of parivarjana

parivarjana - abandoning, relinquishing, avoiding, forsaking

action noun from root vṛj with prefixes pari and vi

Prefixes: pari+vi

Root: vṛj (class 10)

Note: Used in an instrumental sense, 'by means of abandoning'.

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other, distinct, different

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, different, distinct, another

Note: Qualifies 'aham'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, we, us

अन्या (anyā) - other, different (feminine)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of anya

anya - other, different, distinct, another

Note: Part of the phrase 'anyā iyam', referring to prakṛti.

इयम् (iyam) - this (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, that which is near

Note: Part of the phrase 'anyā iyam', referring to prakṛti.

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking direct speech

(indeclinable)

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

from relative pronoun yat

बुध्यति (budhyati) - understands, perceives, knows

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (lat) of budh

Present Indicative

3rd person singular present active

Root: budh (class 4)

बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - intelligent, discerning, wise person

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of buddhimat

buddhimat - intelligent, discerning, wise, a wise person

from buddhi + matup suffix

Note: Used substantively as 'the intelligent one'.