महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-295, verse-3

परस्परमविद्यां वै तन्निबोधानुपूर्वशः ।
यथोक्तमृषिभिस्तात सांख्यस्यास्य निदर्शनम् ॥३॥

3. parasparamavidyāṁ vai tannibodhānupūrvaśaḥ ,
yathoktamṛṣibhistāta sāṁkhyasyāsya nidarśanam.

3. parasparam avidyām vai tat nibodha anupūrvaśaḥ
yathā uktam ṛṣibhiḥ tāta sāṃkhyasya asya nidarśanam

3. tāta vai parasparam avidyām tat anupūrvaśaḥ nibodha
yathā ṛṣibhiḥ asya sāṃkhyasya nidarśanam uktam

3. O dear one, understand systematically this mutual relationship concerning ignorance (avidyā), just as this exposition of the Sāṃkhya system (darśana) has been declared by the sages.

Words meanings summery:

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - referring to the reciprocal nature or relationship of ignorance (avidyā) with other principles or knowledge (vidyā) (mutually, reciprocally, in relation to each other)

• अविद्याम् (avidyām) - spiritual ignorance, the unmanifest (avyakta) (ignorance, nescience)

• वै (vai) - emphasizing the instruction to understand (indeed, verily, truly)

• तत् (tat) - referring to the previously mentioned 'mutual relationship concerning ignorance' (that, this)

• निबोध (nibodha) - listen to and understand (understand, learn, perceive, listen)

• अनुपूर्वशः (anupūrvaśaḥ) - in a systematic and orderly fashion (in due order, successively, systematically)

• यथा (yathā) - indicating that the current teaching aligns with previous declarations (as, just as, in which way)

• उक्तम् (uktam) - has been stated or expounded (declared, stated, said)

• ऋषिभिः (ṛṣibhiḥ) - by the ancient, wise sages who formulated the Sāṃkhya philosophy (by the sages, by the seers)

• तात (tāta) - an affectionate address to the king by Vasiṣṭha (O dear one, O son, O child)

• सांख्यस्य (sāṁkhyasya) - of the Sāṃkhya philosophical system (of Sāṃkhya, pertaining to Sāṃkhya)

• अस्य (asya) - of this (current exposition/system) (of this)

• निदर्शनम् (nidarśanam) - this detailed exposition or demonstration of Sāṃkhya (exposition, demonstration, illustration, complete view, system)

Words meanings and morphology

परस्परम् (parasparam) - referring to the reciprocal nature or relationship of ignorance (avidyā) with other principles or knowledge (vidyā) (mutually, reciprocally, in relation to each other)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially here.

अविद्याम् (avidyām) - spiritual ignorance, the unmanifest (avyakta) (ignorance, nescience)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of avidyā

avidyā - ignorance, nescience, spiritual ignorance

Compound type : na-tatpuruṣa (a+vidyā)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• vidyā – knowledge, learning
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vid (class 2)

वै (vai) - emphasizing the instruction to understand (indeed, verily, truly)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - referring to the previously mentioned 'mutual relationship concerning ignorance' (that, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

निबोध (nibodha) - listen to and understand (understand, learn, perceive, listen)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of ni-budh

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

अनुपूर्वशः (anupūrvaśaḥ) - in a systematic and orderly fashion (in due order, successively, systematically)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'anupūrva' with taddhita suffix '-śaḥ'

यथा (yathā) - indicating that the current teaching aligns with previous declarations (as, just as, in which way)

(indeclinable)

उक्तम् (uktam) - has been stated or expounded (declared, stated, said)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, declared

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vac' (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

ऋषिभिः (ṛṣibhiḥ) - by the ancient, wise sages who formulated the Sāṃkhya philosophy (by the sages, by the seers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

तात (tāta) - an affectionate address to the king by Vasiṣṭha (O dear one, O son, O child)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one, beloved

सांख्यस्य (sāṁkhyasya) - of the Sāṃkhya philosophical system (of Sāṃkhya, pertaining to Sāṃkhya)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of sāṃkhya

sāṁkhya - relating to number, enumeration; the Sāṃkhya philosophical school

अस्य (asya) - of this (current exposition/system) (of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

निदर्शनम् (nidarśanam) - this detailed exposition or demonstration of Sāṃkhya (exposition, demonstration, illustration, complete view, system)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nidarśana

nidarśana - seeing, showing, exposition, demonstration, example, system, philosophy

Derived from root 'dṛś' (to see) with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: dṛś (class 1)