महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-26, verse-30

सुखी परस्य यो दुःखे न जातु स सुखी भवेत् ।
दुःखानां हि क्षयो नास्ति जायते ह्यपरात्परम् ॥३०॥

30. sukhī parasya yo duḥkhe na jātu sa sukhī bhavet ,
duḥkhānāṁ hi kṣayo nāsti jāyate hyaparātparam.

30. sukhī parasya yaḥ duḥkhe na jātu saḥ sukhī bhavet
duḥkhānām hi kṣayaḥ na asti jāyate hi aparāt param

30. yaḥ parasya duḥkhe sukhī saḥ jātu sukhī na bhavet
hi duḥkhānām kṣayaḥ na asti hi aparāt param jāyate

30. Whoever rejoices in another's suffering can never truly be happy. For indeed, there is no end to sorrows; one (sorrow) invariably gives rise to another.

Words meanings summery:

• सुखी (sukhī) - one who feels happy (happy, joyful; one who is happy)

• परस्य (parasya) - referring to someone else's suffering (of another, another's)

• यः (yaḥ) - introduces a relative clause (who, whoever)

• दुःखे (duḥkhe) - expressing the circumstance of being happy (in sorrow, at suffering, in pain)

• न (na) - negation (not, no)

• जातु (jātu) - emphasizes the negation, "never" (ever, at any time)

• सः (saḥ) - correlative pronoun to 'yaḥ' (he)

• सुखी (sukhī) - predicate adjective for 'saḥ' (happy, joyful; one who is happy)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - expresses potentiality or exhortation (he may be, he should be, he becomes)

• दुःखानाम् (duḥkhānām) - genitive plural, governed by 'kṣayaḥ' (of sorrows, of sufferings)

• हि (hi) - introduces an explanation or reason (indeed, surely, for)

• क्षयः (kṣayaḥ) - end of sorrows (destruction, end, loss, decay)

• न (na) - negation (not, no)

• अस्ति (asti) - "there is" (is, exists)

• जायते (jāyate) - "one sorrow arises from another" (is born, arises, comes into being)

• हि (hi) - emphasizes the statement (indeed, surely, for)

• अपरात् (aparāt) - "one sorrow from another" (from another, from a different one)

• परम् (param) - "another (sorrow)" (another, superior, further)

Words meanings and morphology

सुखी (sukhī) - one who feels happy (happy, joyful; one who is happy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sukhin

sukhin - happy, joyful, possessing happiness

Derived from sukha (happiness) with the suffix -in.

Note: Refers to the subject 'yaḥ' and later to 'saḥ'.

परस्य (parasya) - referring to someone else's suffering (of another, another's)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, highest, supreme

Note: Qualifies 'duḥkhe'.

यः (yaḥ) - introduces a relative clause (who, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of the first clause.

दुःखे (duḥkhe) - expressing the circumstance of being happy (in sorrow, at suffering, in pain)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery, unhappiness

Note: Used to express "at the sorrow of".

न (na) - negation (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'bhavet' and 'asti'.

जातु (jātu) - emphasizes the negation, "never" (ever, at any time)

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - correlative pronoun to 'yaḥ' (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Correlates with 'yaḥ'.

सुखी (sukhī) - predicate adjective for 'saḥ' (happy, joyful; one who is happy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sukhin

sukhin - happy, joyful, possessing happiness

Derived from sukha (happiness) with the suffix -in.

Note: Predicate of 'saḥ bhavet'.

भवेत् (bhavet) - expresses potentiality or exhortation (he may be, he should be, he becomes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū

Optative mood

Root bhū (भ्वादिगण 1P) in Vidhi-liṅ-lakāra (Optative), 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada.

Root: bhū (class 1)

दुःखानाम् (duḥkhānām) - genitive plural, governed by 'kṣayaḥ' (of sorrows, of sufferings)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery, unhappiness

हि (hi) - introduces an explanation or reason (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

क्षयः (kṣayaḥ) - end of sorrows (destruction, end, loss, decay)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - destruction, end, loss, decay, decline

From root kṣi (to destroy, to waste away).

Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Subject of 'asti'.

न (na) - negation (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'asti'.

अस्ति (asti) - "there is" (is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present tense

Root as (अदादिगण 2P) in Laṭ-lakāra (Present), 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada.

Root: as (class 2)

जायते (jāyate) - "one sorrow arises from another" (is born, arises, comes into being)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

Present tense (middle voice)

Root jan (दिवादिगण 4A) in Laṭ-lakāra (Present), 3rd person singular, Ātmanepada (middle voice). The root form in the middle voice is jāya.

Root: jan (class 4)

हि (hi) - emphasizes the statement (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

अपरात् (aparāt) - "one sorrow from another" (from another, from a different one)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of apara

apara - other, another, posterior, inferior

Note: Refers to a source or origin, "from another (sorrow)".

परम् (param) - "another (sorrow)" (another, superior, further)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, another, highest, supreme

Note: Acts as the subject of 'jāyate'.