महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-26, verse-13

अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
गीतं राज्ञा सेनजिता दुःखार्तेन युधिष्ठिर ॥१३॥

13. atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
gītaṁ rājñā senajitā duḥkhārtena yudhiṣṭhira.

13. atra api udāharanti imam itihāsam purātanam
gītam rājñā senajitā duḥkhārtena yudhiṣṭhira

13. yudhiṣṭhira atra api udāharanti imam purātanam
itihāsam gītam rājñā senajitā duḥkhārtena

13. Here, they also recount this ancient narrative (itihāsa), which was sung by King Senajit, who was afflicted by sorrow, O Yudhiṣṭhira.

Words meanings summery:

• अत्र (atra) - here (in this context of discussion) (here, in this place, in this matter)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they cite, they recount (they cite, they recount, they narrate)

• इमम् (imam) - this (narrative) (this (masculine accusative singular))

• इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - ancient narrative (itihāsa) (history, legend, narrative, tradition (itihāsa))

• पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient (ancient, old)

• गीतम् (gītam) - sung (sung, chanted; song)

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

• सेनजिता (senajitā) - by King Senajit (by Senajit (proper name))

• दुःखार्तेन (duḥkhārtena) - by one afflicted by sorrow (by one afflicted by sorrow, by the sorrowful)

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira

Words meanings and morphology

अत्र (atra) - here (in this context of discussion) (here, in this place, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they cite, they recount (they cite, they recount, they narrate)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of udāhṛ

Present Active

3rd person plural present active indicative of ud-ā-√hṛ (P. 1.25)

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

इमम् (imam) - this (narrative) (this (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - ancient narrative (itihāsa) (history, legend, narrative, tradition (itihāsa))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of itihāsa

itihāsa - history, legend, narrative, traditional account (itihāsa)

पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient (ancient, old)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purātana

purātana - ancient, old, former

गीतम् (gītam) - sung (sung, chanted; song)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gīta

gīta - sung, chanted; song

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √gai (to sing)

Root: gai (class 1)

Note: Agrees with itihāsam

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

सेनजिता (senajitā) - by King Senajit (by Senajit (proper name))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of senajit

senajit - victor of armies; Senajit (proper name of a king)

Compound type : tatpurusha (senā+jit)

• senā – army, host
  noun (feminine)
• jit – victor, conquering
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from √ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

दुःखार्तेन (duḥkhārtena) - by one afflicted by sorrow (by one afflicted by sorrow, by the sorrowful)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of duḥkhārta

duḥkhārta - afflicted by sorrow, sorrowful

Compound type : tatpurusha (duḥkha+ārta)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of √ṛ (to go, to move), here means 'struck by'
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle; Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – steady, firm, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)