महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-26, verse-18

स किं शोचसि मूढः सञ्शोच्यः किमनुशोचसि ।
पश्य दुःखेषु दुःखानि भयेषु च भयान्यपि ॥१८॥

18. sa kiṁ śocasi mūḍhaḥ sañśocyaḥ kimanuśocasi ,
paśya duḥkheṣu duḥkhāni bhayeṣu ca bhayānyapi.

18. sa kim śocasi mūḍhaḥ san śocyaḥ kim anuśocasi
paśya duḥkheṣu duḥkhāni bhayeṣu ca bhayāni api

18. mūḍhaḥ san kim śocasi śocyaḥ kim anuśocasi
paśya duḥkheṣu duḥkhāni ca bhayeṣu api bhayāni

18. Why do you grieve, being foolish? What is there to lament that you should lament for it? Observe the sufferings within sufferings, and the fears even within fears.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - you (as the foolish person addressed) (he, that (referring to the implied subject 'you'))

• किम् (kim) - why?, what?

• शोचसि (śocasi) - you grieve, you lament

• मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - foolish, deluded, ignorant

• सन् (san) - being, existing

• शोच्यः (śocyaḥ) - lamentable, to be grieved for

• किम् (kim) - what?, why?

• अनुशोचसि (anuśocasi) - you grieve for, you lament after

• पश्य (paśya) - see!, behold!, observe!

• दुःखेषु (duḥkheṣu) - in miseries, among sufferings

• दुःखानि (duḥkhāni) - sufferings, miseries, pains

• भयेषु (bhayeṣu) - in fears, among dangers

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• भयानि (bhayāni) - fears, dangers

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - you (as the foolish person addressed) (he, that (referring to the implied subject 'you'))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Often used as a vocative substitute or to emphasize the subject (you).

किम् (kim) - why?, what?

(indeclinable)

शोचसि (śocasi) - you grieve, you lament

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of √śuc

Root: √śuc (class 1)

मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - foolish, deluded, ignorant

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūḍha

mūḍha - foolish, deluded, confused, ignorant, bewildered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √muh (to be bewildered, confused)

Root: √muh (class 4)

सन् (san) - being, existing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous, real, true

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root √as (to be, exist)

Root: √as (class 2)

शोच्यः (śocyaḥ) - lamentable, to be grieved for

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śocya

śocya - lamentable, to be grieved for, deplorable

Gerundive

Derived from the root √śuc (to grieve)

Root: √śuc (class 1)

किम् (kim) - what?, why?

(indeclinable)

अनुशोचसि (anuśocasi) - you grieve for, you lament after

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of anu-√śuc

Prefix: anu

Root: √śuc (class 1)

पश्य (paśya) - see!, behold!, observe!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of √dṛś

Root forms stem 'paśya' in present tense

Root: √dṛś (class 1)

दुःखेषु (duḥkheṣu) - in miseries, among sufferings

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow, discomfort

दुःखानि (duḥkhāni) - sufferings, miseries, pains

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow, discomfort

भयेषु (bhayeṣu) - in fears, among dangers

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, danger, apprehension

Derived from the root √bhī (to fear)

Root: √bhī (class 3)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

भयानि (bhayāni) - fears, dangers

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, danger, apprehension

Derived from the root √bhī (to fear)

Root: √bhī (class 3)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)