महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-26, verse-17

नष्टे धने वा दारे वा पुत्रे पितरि वा मृते ।
अहो कष्टमिति ध्यायञ्शोकस्यापचितिं चरेत् ॥१७॥

17. naṣṭe dhane vā dāre vā putre pitari vā mṛte ,
aho kaṣṭamiti dhyāyañśokasyāpacitiṁ caret.

17. naṣṭe dhane vā dāre vā putre pitari vā mṛte
aho kaṣṭam iti dhyāyan śokasya apacitiṃ caret

17. dhane naṣṭe vā dāre vā putre vā pitari mṛte
aho kaṣṭam iti dhyāyan śokasya apacitiṃ caret

17. When wealth is lost, or a wife, or a son, or a father dies, one should practice the removal of sorrow by reflecting, 'Alas, what misery!'

Words meanings summery:

• नष्टे (naṣṭe) - when lost (referring to wealth, wife, son, father) (when lost, having perished, destroyed)

• धने (dhane) - in wealth, on account of wealth, when wealth

• वा (vā) - or, either, and

• दारे (dāre) - in a wife, when a wife

• वा (vā) - or, either, and

• पुत्रे (putre) - in a son, when a son

• पितरि (pitari) - in a father, when a father

• वा (vā) - or, either, and

• मृते (mṛte) - when dead, having died

• अहो (aho) - alas!, oh!, ah!

• कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - misery, suffering, pain, difficulty

• इति (iti) - marks direct speech or thought (thus, in this manner, so)

• ध्यायन् (dhyāyan) - meditating, thinking, reflecting

• शोकस्य (śokasya) - of sorrow, of grief

• अपचितिं (apacitiṁ) - cessation, removal, expiation, satisfaction

• चरेत् (caret) - one should do, perform, practice, behave

Words meanings and morphology

नष्टे (naṣṭe) - when lost (referring to wealth, wife, son, father) (when lost, having perished, destroyed)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of naṣṭa

naṣṭa - lost, destroyed, perished, ruined, disappeared

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √naś (to be lost, perish)

Root: √naś (class 4)

धने (dhane) - in wealth, on account of wealth, when wealth

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property, money

Derived from the root √dhā (to place, put)

Root: √dhā (class 3)

वा (vā) - or, either, and

(indeclinable)

दारे (dāre) - in a wife, when a wife

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dāra

dāra - wife, spouse

वा (vā) - or, either, and

(indeclinable)

पुत्रे (putre) - in a son, when a son

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

पितरि (pitari) - in a father, when a father

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

वा (vā) - or, either, and

(indeclinable)

मृते (mṛte) - when dead, having died

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased, expired

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √mṛ (to die)

Root: √mṛ (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'pitari' (father) in this context.

अहो (aho) - alas!, oh!, ah!

(indeclinable)

कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - misery, suffering, pain, difficulty

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kaṣṭa

kaṣṭa - misery, suffering, pain, difficulty, hardship

इति (iti) - marks direct speech or thought (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

ध्यायन् (dhyāyan) - meditating, thinking, reflecting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhyāyat

dhyāyat - meditating, thinking, reflecting, contemplating

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root √dhyai (to meditate, think)

Root: √dhyai (class 1)

शोकस्य (śokasya) - of sorrow, of grief

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation, anguish

Derived from the root √śuc (to grieve)

Root: √śuc (class 1)

अपचितिं (apacitiṁ) - cessation, removal, expiation, satisfaction

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of apaciti

apaciti - removal, expiation, cessation, satisfaction, honor

Derived from prefix apa- and √ci (to collect, observe)

Prefix: apa

Root: √ci (class 5)

चरेत् (caret) - one should do, perform, practice, behave

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of √car

Root: √car (class 1)