महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-202, verse-19

ततोऽगमन्विस्मयं ते दानवेन्द्रा भयात्तदा ।
संशयं गतमात्मानं मेनिरे च सहस्रशः ॥१९॥

19. tato'gamanvismayaṁ te dānavendrā bhayāttadā ,
saṁśayaṁ gatamātmānaṁ menire ca sahasraśaḥ.

19. tataḥ agaman vismayam te dānavendrāḥ bhayāt tadā
| saṃśayam gatam ātmānam menire ca sahasraśaḥ

19. tataḥ tadā bhayāt te dānavendrāḥ vismayam agaman
ca sahasraśaḥ ātmānam saṃśayam gatam menire

19. Then those lords of demons, seized by fear at that time, became astonished. And by the thousands, they considered their own selves (ātman) to be in peril.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

• अगमन् (agaman) - they became (astonished) (they went, they reached, they became)

• विस्मयम् (vismayam) - astonishment, bewilderment (astonishment, wonder, bewilderment)

• ते (te) - they (the demons) (they, by them)

• दानवेन्द्राः (dānavendrāḥ) - the chief demons (lords of demons, chiefs of Dānavas)

• भयात् (bhayāt) - due to fear (from fear, out of fear)

• तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

• संशयम् (saṁśayam) - peril, danger (doubt, uncertainty, peril)

• गतम् (gatam) - fallen into (peril) (gone, reached, attained, fallen into)

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - their own selves (ātman) (self, soul, spirit)

• मेनिरे (menire) - they considered (they thought, they considered, they believed)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - by the thousands (by thousands, in thousands)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form from pronominal stem 'tad'.

अगमन् (agaman) - they became (astonished) (they went, they reached, they became)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of gam

imperfect active

Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural active, from root √gam.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: The 'a' indicates imperfect tense. Used with 'vismayam' to mean 'became astonished/bewildered'.

विस्मयम् (vismayam) - astonishment, bewilderment (astonishment, wonder, bewilderment)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vismaya

vismaya - astonishment, wonder, surprise, bewilderment

From root √smi (to smile) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Object of 'agaman' (to reach astonishment = to become astonished).

ते (te) - they (the demons) (they, by them)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'dānavendrāḥ'.

दानवेन्द्राः (dānavendrāḥ) - the chief demons (lords of demons, chiefs of Dānavas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dānavendra

dānavendra - lord of Dānavas (demons), chief of Dānavas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dānava+indra)

• dānava – a demon, a son of Danu
  noun (masculine)
• indra – lord, chief, Indra (the king of gods)
  noun (masculine)

भयात् (bhayāt) - due to fear (from fear, out of fear)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror

Note: Indicates cause/reason.

तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form from pronominal stem 'tad'.

संशयम् (saṁśayam) - peril, danger (doubt, uncertainty, peril)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, suspicion, danger, peril

From root √śī (to lie) with prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Object of 'gatam'.

गतम् (gatam) - fallen into (peril) (gone, reached, attained, fallen into)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, reached, obtained, past, fallen into

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root √gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'ātmānam'.

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - their own selves (ātman) (self, soul, spirit)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, breath

Note: Object of 'menire'.

मेनिरे (menire) - they considered (they thought, they considered, they believed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (lit) of man

perfect middle

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural middle, from root √man.

Root: man (class 4)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - by the thousands (by thousands, in thousands)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form derived from 'sahasra' (thousand) with suffix -śaḥ.