महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-18, verse-30

असक्तः सक्तवद्गच्छन्निःसङ्गो मुक्तबन्धनः ।
समः शत्रौ च मित्रे च स वै मुक्तो महीपते ॥३०॥

30. asaktaḥ saktavadgacchanniḥsaṅgo muktabandhanaḥ ,
samaḥ śatrau ca mitre ca sa vai mukto mahīpate.

30. asaktaḥ saktavat gacchan niḥsaṅgaḥ muktabandhanaḥ
samaḥ śatrau ca mitre ca sa vai muktaḥ mahīpate

30. mahīpate! yaḥ asaktaḥ,
saktavat gacchan,
niḥsaṅgaḥ,
muktabandhanaḥ,
śatrau ca mitre ca samaḥ,
sa vai muktaḥ.

30. O King (mahīpate)! He who is unattached, moving as if attached, free from entanglement, liberated from all bonds, and equal to both foe and friend – he is truly liberated (mokṣa).

Words meanings summery:

• असक्तः (asaktaḥ) - unattached (unattached, unconcerned, indifferent)

• सक्तवत् (saktavat) - as if attached (like one who is attached, as if attached)

• गच्छन् (gacchan) - moving (going, moving, proceeding)

• निःसङ्गः (niḥsaṅgaḥ) - free from entanglement (free from attachment, unattached, detached, free from company)

• मुक्तबन्धनः (muktabandhanaḥ) - liberated from all bonds (liberated from bonds, having his bonds loosened)

• समः (samaḥ) - equal (equal, same, indifferent, impartial)

• शत्रौ (śatrau) - to a foe (in a foe, towards an enemy)

• च (ca) - and

• मित्रे (mitre) - to a friend (in a friend, towards a friend)

• च (ca) - and

• स (sa) - he (he, that)

• वै (vai) - truly (indeed, truly, certainly)

• मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated (mokṣa) (liberated, released, free (mokṣa))

• महीपते (mahīpate) - O King (O King, O ruler of the earth)

Words meanings and morphology

असक्तः (asaktaḥ) - unattached (unattached, unconcerned, indifferent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asakta

asakta - unattached, unconcerned, indifferent, free from attachment

Past Passive Participle

Negative prefix 'a-' + root sañj (to cling, attach) +kta.

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sakta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• sakta – attached, clinging, devoted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root sañj (to cling, attach).
  Root: sañj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject 'he'.

सक्तवत् (saktavat) - as if attached (like one who is attached, as if attached)

(indeclinable)

From sakta (attached) + -vat (suffix for 'like').

Note: Adverbial.

गच्छन् (gacchan) - moving (going, moving, proceeding)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gacchat

gacchat - going, moving, proceeding

Present Active Participle

From root gam (to go) + śatṛ.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Describes the subject. Sandhi with `niḥsaṅgaḥ`.

निःसङ्गः (niḥsaṅgaḥ) - free from entanglement (free from attachment, unattached, detached, free from company)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niḥsaṅga

niḥsaṅga - unattached, free from company, free from worldly ties, detached from worldly objects

From nir- (without) + saṅga (attachment).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (nis+saṅga)

• nis – out, forth, without
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating negation or absence.
• saṅga – attachment, company, connection
  noun (masculine)
  From sam + añj (to anoint, adhere).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: añj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject.

मुक्तबन्धनः (muktabandhanaḥ) - liberated from all bonds (liberated from bonds, having his bonds loosened)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muktabandhana

muktabandhana - one whose bonds are released, free from bondage, liberated

Compound: mukta (released) + bandhana (bondage).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (mukta+bandhana)

• mukta – released, liberated, free
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root muc (to release, free).
  Root: muc (class 6)
• bandhana – bond, tie, bondage, fetter
  noun (neuter)
  From root bandh (to bind).
  Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject.

समः (samaḥ) - equal (equal, same, indifferent, impartial)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sama

sama - same, equal, similar, even, impartial, indifferent

Note: Qualifies the implied subject.

शत्रौ (śatrau) - to a foe (in a foe, towards an enemy)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, rival

U-stem noun.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

मित्रे (mitre) - to a friend (in a friend, towards a friend)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mitra

mitra - friend, companion, ally

A-stem noun.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Pairs with the preceding `ca`.

स (sa) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine nominative singular form.

Note: Subject of the final clause.

वै (vai) - truly (indeed, truly, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated (mokṣa) (liberated, released, free (mokṣa))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mukta

mukta - released, liberated, freed, detached (mokṣa)

Past Passive Participle

From root muc (to release, free).

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Predicate adjective.

महीपते (mahīpate) - O King (O King, O ruler of the earth)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - king, ruler of the earth, sovereign

Compound: mahī (earth) + pati (lord).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to a king.