महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-18, verse-29

त्यागान्न भिक्षुकं विद्यान्न मौण्ड्यान्न च याचनात् ।
ऋजुस्तु योऽर्थं त्यजति तं सुखं विद्धि भिक्षुकम् ॥२९॥

29. tyāgānna bhikṣukaṁ vidyānna mauṇḍyānna ca yācanāt ,
ṛjustu yo'rthaṁ tyajati taṁ sukhaṁ viddhi bhikṣukam.

29. tyāgāt na bhikṣukam vidyāt na mauṇḍyāt na ca yācanāt
ṛjuḥ tu yaḥ artham tyajati tam sukham viddhi bhikṣukam

29. tyāgāt na bhikṣukam vidyāt,
mauṇḍyāt na ca yācanāt.
tu yaḥ ṛjuḥ artham tyajati,
tam sukham bhikṣukam viddhi.

29. One should not consider a person a beggar (bhikṣu) merely from their renunciation (tyāga), nor from shaving their head, nor from begging. But know him to be a true beggar (bhikṣu), who, being straightforward, happily abandons material possessions.

Words meanings summery:

• त्यागात् (tyāgāt) - from their renunciation (from renunciation, from abandonment, from sacrifice)

• न (na) - not, no

• भिक्षुकम् (bhikṣukam) - a beggar (bhikṣu) (a beggar, mendicant, one who lives by alms (bhikṣu))

• विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should consider (one should know, one should understand)

• न (na) - not, no

• मौण्ड्यात् (mauṇḍyāt) - from shaving the head (from baldness, from shaving the head, from an ascetic's shaved head)

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and

• याचनात् (yācanāt) - from begging (from begging, from asking, from solicitation)

• ऋजुः (ṛjuḥ) - being straightforward (straightforward, honest, simple)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which (relative pronoun))

• अर्थम् (artham) - material possessions (object, purpose, thing, wealth, material possessions)

• त्यजति (tyajati) - abandons (abandons, relinquishes, forsakes)

• तम् (tam) - him (him, that (demonstrative pronoun))

• सुखम् (sukham) - happily (happily, easily, joyfully (adverbial accusative))

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know (know!, understand! (imperative))

• भिक्षुकम् (bhikṣukam) - a beggar (bhikṣu) (a beggar, mendicant, one who lives by alms (bhikṣu))

Words meanings and morphology

त्यागात् (tyāgāt) - from their renunciation (from renunciation, from abandonment, from sacrifice)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tyāga

tyāga - abandonment, relinquishment, renunciation (tyāga), sacrifice

From root tyaj (to abandon) with suffix -a.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Sandhi with `na` (t becomes n).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

भिक्षुकम् (bhikṣukam) - a beggar (bhikṣu) (a beggar, mendicant, one who lives by alms (bhikṣu))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhikṣuka

bhikṣuka - beggar, mendicant, one who lives by alms, a religious ascetic (bhikṣu)

From root bhikṣ (to beg) with suffix -uka.

Root: bhikṣ (class 1)

Note: The object of `vidyāt` and `viddhi`.

विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should consider (one should know, one should understand)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Impersonal 'one should know' or 'he should know'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

मौण्ड्यात् (mauṇḍyāt) - from shaving the head (from baldness, from shaving the head, from an ascetic's shaved head)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of mauṇḍya

mauṇḍya - baldness, the state of having a shaved head (characteristic of some ascetics)

Derived from muṇḍa (shaven, bald).

Note: Sandhi with `na` (t becomes n).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

याचनात् (yācanāt) - from begging (from begging, from asking, from solicitation)

(noun)

Ablative, feminine, singular of yācanā

yācanā - begging, asking, entreaty, solicitation

From root yāc (to beg, ask).

Root: yāc (class 1)

ऋजुः (ṛjuḥ) - being straightforward (straightforward, honest, simple)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛju

ṛju - straight, honest, sincere, simple, straightforward

Note: Qualifies 'yaḥ'.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'him' (tam).

अर्थम् (artham) - material possessions (object, purpose, thing, wealth, material possessions)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - meaning, purpose, object, thing, wealth, property, material possessions

Note: Object of `tyajati`.

त्यजति (tyajati) - abandons (abandons, relinquishes, forsakes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of tyaj

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Verb for the relative clause.

तम् (tam) - him (him, that (demonstrative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Object of `viddhi`.

सुखम् (sukham) - happily (happily, easily, joyfully (adverbial accusative))

(indeclinable)

Used adverbially in accusative singular.

Note: Adverbial usage.

विद्धि (viddhi) - know (know!, understand! (imperative))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Imperative form of root vid.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the second part of the verse.

भिक्षुकम् (bhikṣukam) - a beggar (bhikṣu) (a beggar, mendicant, one who lives by alms (bhikṣu))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhikṣuka

bhikṣuka - beggar, mendicant, one who lives by alms, a religious ascetic (bhikṣu)

From root bhikṣ (to beg) with suffix -uka.

Root: bhikṣ (class 1)

Note: Predicative accusative with `tam`.