महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-18, verse-23

योऽत्यन्तं प्रतिगृह्णीयाद्यश्च दद्यात्सदैव हि ।
तयोस्त्वमन्तरं विद्धि श्रेयांस्ताभ्यां क उच्यते ॥२३॥

23. yo'tyantaṁ pratigṛhṇīyādyaśca dadyātsadaiva hi ,
tayostvamantaraṁ viddhi śreyāṁstābhyāṁ ka ucyate.

23. yaḥ atyantam pratigṛhṇīyāt yaḥ ca dadyāt sadaiva hi
tayoḥ tvam antaram viddhi śreyān tābhyām kaḥ ucyate

23. tvam,
yaḥ atyantam pratigṛhṇīyāt,
yaḥ ca sadaiva dadyāt (iti) tayoḥ antaram viddhi.
tābhyām kaḥ śreyān ucyate?

23. You should discern the difference between him who always accepts excessively and him who always gives. Which of them is declared to be superior?

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (accepts) (who, which, he who)

• अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) - excessively, constantly (in the sense of continually taking) (excessively, extremely, always)

• प्रतिगृह्णीयात् (pratigṛhṇīyāt) - may accept, should accept (excessively) (may accept, should accept)

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (gives) (who, which, he who)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - may give, should give

• सदैव (sadaiva) - always (always, ever)

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (emphatic) (indeed, surely, for)

• तयोः (tayoḥ) - between those two (types of people) (of those two, between those two)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (the listener) (you)

• अन्तरम् (antaram) - the difference (difference, interval, inner)

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know, discern (know, understand)

• श्रेयान् (śreyān) - superior (superior, better, more excellent)

• ताभ्याम् (tābhyām) - from those two (in comparison) (by/from/for those two)

• कः (kaḥ) - which (of them) (who, which)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is declared, is called (is said, is called)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - he who (accepts) (who, which, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Relative pronoun

अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) - excessively, constantly (in the sense of continually taking) (excessively, extremely, always)

(indeclinable)

Compound of ati (over, beyond) + anta (end)

Note: Adverb modifying 'pratigṛhṇīyāt'

प्रतिगृह्णीयात् (pratigṛhṇīyāt) - may accept, should accept (excessively) (may accept, should accept)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of pratigrah

optative active

Root grah- (9th class, kryādi) with upasarga prati-, third person singular, optative mood.

Prefix: prati

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Potential mood

यः (yaḥ) - he who (gives) (who, which, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Relative pronoun

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - may give, should give

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of dā

optative active

Root dā (3rd class, juhotyādi), third person singular, optative mood.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Potential mood

सदैव (sadaiva) - always (always, ever)

(indeclinable)

Sandhi of sadā (always) + eva (indeed)

Note: Adverb of time

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (emphatic) (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle

तयोः (tayoḥ) - between those two (types of people) (of those two, between those two)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Genitive dual referring to the two types of people

त्वम् (tvam) - you (the listener) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

Note: Subject of 'viddhi'

अन्तरम् (antaram) - the difference (difference, interval, inner)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of antara

antara - difference, interval, inner, other

Note: Object of 'viddhi'

विद्धि (viddhi) - know, discern (know, understand)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

imperative active

Root vid- (2nd class, adādi), second person singular, imperative mood.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Command to the listener

श्रेयान् (śreyān) - superior (superior, better, more excellent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreyas

śreyas - superior, better, more excellent, welfare, merit

Comparative form of praśasya (excellent)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'kaḥ'

ताभ्याम् (tābhyām) - from those two (in comparison) (by/from/for those two)

(pronoun)

masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Ablative dual for comparison

कः (kaḥ) - which (of them) (who, which)

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Subject of 'ucyate'

उच्यते (ucyate) - is declared, is called (is said, is called)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

present passive

Root vac- (2nd class, adādi) in passive voice, third person singular, present tense. The root vac- becomes uc- in passive forms.

Root: vac (class 2)