महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-18, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तूष्णींभूतं तु राजानं पुनरेवार्जुनोऽब्रवीत् ।
संतप्तः शोकदुःखाभ्यां राज्ञो वाक्शल्यपीडितः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tūṣṇīṁbhūtaṁ tu rājānaṁ punarevārjuno'bravīt ,
saṁtaptaḥ śokaduḥkhābhyāṁ rājño vākśalyapīḍitaḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tūṣṇīmbhūtam tu rājānam punaḥ eva arjunaḥ
abravīt santaptḥ śokaduḥkhābhyām rājñaḥ vākśalyapīḍitaḥ

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca.
Arjunaḥ rājñaḥ vākśalyapīḍitaḥ śokaduḥkhābhyām santaptḥ tu tūṣṇīmbhūtam rājānam punaḥ eva abravīt.

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Arjuna, afflicted by the king's arrow-like words and tormented by sorrow and suffering, again spoke to the king, who had become silent.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• तूष्णीम्भूतम् (tūṣṇīmbhūtam) - having become silent, silent

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, moreover

• राजानम् (rājānam) - king

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (name of a warrior)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• सन्तप्त्ः (santaptḥ) - tormented, afflicted, burning

• शोकदुःखाभ्याम् (śokaduḥkhābhyām) - by sorrow and suffering

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

• वाक्शल्यपीडितः (vākśalyapīḍitaḥ) - afflicted by the arrow-like words

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, a disciple of Vyasa and narrator of the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तूष्णीम्भूतम् (tūṣṇīmbhūtam) - having become silent, silent

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tūṣṇīmbhūta

tūṣṇīmbhūta - having become silent, silenced, mute

Compound from indeclinable 'tūṣṇīm' and Past Passive Participle 'bhūta'

From 'tūṣṇīm' (silently) and 'bhūta' (become, from root bhū)

Compound type : Avyayībhāva-like (or adjective compound) (tūṣṇīm+bhūta)

• tūṣṇīm – silently, quietly
  indeclinable
• bhūta – become, happened, existing
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'bhū' (to be, become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rājānam'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle expressing emphasis or contrast.

राजानम् (rājānam) - king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (name of a warrior)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of one of the Pāṇḍavas), white, silver, clear

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Augment 'a-' indicates past tense.

सन्तप्त्ः (santaptḥ) - tormented, afflicted, burning

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of santapta

santapta - tormented, agitated, heated, burning with pain

Past Passive Participle

From root 'tap' (to heat, to torment) with prefix 'sam'

Prefix: sam

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'Arjunaḥ'.

शोकदुःखाभ्याम् (śokaduḥkhābhyām) - by sorrow and suffering

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, dual of śokaduḥkha

śokaduḥkha - sorrow and suffering, pain and grief

Compound type : Dvanda (śoka+duḥkha)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  From root śuc (to grieve)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• duḥkha – suffering, pain, misery, unhappiness
  noun (neuter)

Note: Dual instrumental ending indicates "by both sorrow and suffering".

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Also nominative/accusative dual, but here genitive singular.

वाक्शल्यपीडितः (vākśalyapīḍitaḥ) - afflicted by the arrow-like words

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vākśalyapīḍita

vākśalyapīḍita - afflicted by the arrow of words, stung by verbal arrows

Compound adjective

Pīḍita (afflicted) by Vākśalya (arrow of words). Compound 'vākśalya' can be 'Upamāna-pūrvapada-karmadhāraya' (words like arrows) or 'ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa' (arrow of words).

Compound type : Instrumental-Tatpuruṣa (vācśalya+pīḍita)

• vāc – word, speech, voice
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vac (class 2)
• śalya – dart, arrow, spear, thorn
  noun (neuter)
• pīḍita – afflicted, oppressed, tormented
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'pīḍ' (to vex, oppress)
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'Arjunaḥ'.