महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-18, verse-20

यस्त्वयं सर्वमुत्सृज्य धानामुष्टिपरिग्रहः ।
यदानेन समं सर्वं किमिदं मम दीयते ।
धानामुष्टिरिहार्थश्चेत्प्रतिज्ञा ते विनश्यति ॥२०॥

20. yastvayaṁ sarvamutsṛjya dhānāmuṣṭiparigrahaḥ ,
yadānena samaṁ sarvaṁ kimidaṁ mama dīyate ,
dhānāmuṣṭirihārthaścetpratijñā te vinaśyati.

20. yaḥ tu ayam sarvam utsṛjya
dhānāmuṣṭiparigrahaḥ yadā anena samam sarvam
kim idam mama dīyate dhānāmuṣṭiḥ
iha arthaḥ cet pratijñā te vinaśyati

20. yaḥ tu ayam sarvam utsṛjya dhānāmuṣṭiparigrahaḥ,
yadā sarvam anena samam (bhavati),
kim idam mama dīyate? cet dhānāmuṣṭiḥ iha arthaḥ (bhavati),
te pratijñā vinaśyati.

20. If one, abandoning everything, has only a handful of grains as their possession, and if all of that is considered equal to this, then why is this given to me? If a mere handful of grains is the intended purpose here, then your promise is nullified.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - He who (referring to the person making the offering/having the possession) (who, which, he who)

• तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (person) (this (one))

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything (else, that one might possess) (all, everything)

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned (everything) (having abandoned, having given up)

• धानामुष्टिपरिग्रहः (dhānāmuṣṭiparigrahaḥ) - one whose possession is merely a handful of grains (one whose possession is a handful of grains)

• यदा (yadā) - when

• अनेन (anena) - by this (handful of grains) (by this)

• समम् (samam) - equal (to this) (equal, similar, with)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything (else that one has) (all, everything)

• किम् (kim) - why (what, why)

• इदम् (idam) - this (small amount, i.e., the dhānāmuṣṭi) (this)

• मम (mama) - to me (my, to me)

• दीयते (dīyate) - is given (to me) (is given)

• धानामुष्टिः (dhānāmuṣṭiḥ) - a handful of grains

• इह (iha) - here, in this context (here, in this matter)

• अर्थः (arthaḥ) - the purpose, the intention (purpose, meaning, object, wealth)

• चेत् (cet) - if

• प्रतिज्ञा (pratijñā) - your promise (promise, vow, assertion)

• ते (te) - your (your, to you)

• विनश्यति (vinaśyati) - is destroyed, becomes nullified (is destroyed, perishes, vanishes)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - He who (referring to the person making the offering/having the possession) (who, which, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Relative pronoun

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle or conjunction

अयम् (ayam) - this (person) (this (one))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, refers to the subject implied by 'yaḥ'

सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything (else, that one might possess) (all, everything)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every

Note: Used as an object here

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned (everything) (having abandoned, having given up)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root sṛj- with upasarga ut- and suffix -ya

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Absolutive gerund

धानामुष्टिपरिग्रहः (dhānāmuṣṭiparigrahaḥ) - one whose possession is merely a handful of grains (one whose possession is a handful of grains)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhānāmuṣṭiparigraha

dhānāmuṣṭiparigraha - possession of a handful of grains, one whose possession is a handful of grains

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhānāmuṣṭi+parigraha)

• dhānāmuṣṭi – handful of grains
  noun (feminine)
• parigraha – possession, taking, acceptance
  noun (masculine)
  From root grah- with upasarga pari-
  Prefix: pari
  Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Compound noun acting as an adjective for 'ayam'

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal conjunction

अनेन (anena) - by this (handful of grains) (by this)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Refers to the 'dhānāmuṣṭi'

समम् (samam) - equal (to this) (equal, similar, with)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sama

sama - equal, same, similar, even

Note: Qualifies 'sarvam'

सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything (else that one has) (all, everything)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every

Note: Subject of an implied verb 'is'

किम् (kim) - why (what, why)

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Used as an interrogative adverb here

इदम् (idam) - this (small amount, i.e., the dhānāmuṣṭi) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Refers to the actual offering.

मम (mama) - to me (my, to me)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: First person singular genitive, used with dative sense.

दीयते (dīyate) - is given (to me) (is given)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dā

present passive

Root dā (3rd class, juhotyādi) used in passive voice, third person singular, present tense.

Root: dā (class 3)

धानामुष्टिः (dhānāmuṣṭiḥ) - a handful of grains

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dhānāmuṣṭi

dhānāmuṣṭi - handful of grains

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhānā+muṣṭi)

• dhānā – grains, corn
  noun (feminine)
• muṣṭi – fist, handful
  noun (feminine)

Note: Subject of the clause

इह (iha) - here, in this context (here, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place/context

अर्थः (arthaḥ) - the purpose, the intention (purpose, meaning, object, wealth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, object, wealth, affair

Note: Predicate nominative of implied 'is'

चेत् (cet) - if

(indeclinable)

Note: Conditional particle

प्रतिज्ञा (pratijñā) - your promise (promise, vow, assertion)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pratijñā

pratijñā - promise, vow, assertion, undertaking

From root jñā- with upasarga prati-

Prefix: prati

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Subject of 'vinaśyati'

ते (te) - your (your, to you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

Note: Enclitic form of yuṣmad genitive singular

विनश्यति (vinaśyati) - is destroyed, becomes nullified (is destroyed, perishes, vanishes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vinaś

present active

Root naś- with upasarga vi-, 4th class, third person singular, present tense.

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)