महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-154, verse-9

दमस्तेजो वर्धयति पवित्रं च दमः परम् ।
विपाप्मा तेजसा युक्तः पुरुषो विन्दते महत् ॥९॥

9. damastejo vardhayati pavitraṁ ca damaḥ param ,
vipāpmā tejasā yuktaḥ puruṣo vindate mahat.

9. damaḥ tejaḥ vardhayati pavitram ca damaḥ param
vipāpmā tejasā yuktaḥ puruṣaḥ vindate mahat

9. damaḥ tejaḥ vardhayati damaḥ ca param pavitram
vipāpmā tejasā yuktaḥ puruṣaḥ mahat vindate

9. Self-restraint (dama) increases one's spiritual power and is the supreme purifier. A person (puruṣa) who is free from sin and endowed with spiritual power attains the supreme state.

Words meanings summery:

• दमः (damaḥ) - self-restraint, self-control

• तेजः (tejaḥ) - brilliance, energy, spiritual power, vigor

• वर्धयति (vardhayati) - increases, promotes, causes to grow

• पवित्रम् (pavitram) - pure, sacred, purifying

• च (ca) - and, also

• दमः (damaḥ) - self-restraint, self-control

• परम् (param) - supreme, highest, ultimate

• विपाप्मा (vipāpmā) - sinless, free from sin

• तेजसा (tejasā) - with brilliance, by energy, by spiritual power

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - joined, united, endowed with, connected, engaged

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person, human being, spirit, supreme cosmic person

• विन्दते (vindate) - obtains, finds, gets

• महत् (mahat) - the supreme state, Brahman (great, large, supreme)

Words meanings and morphology

दमः (damaḥ) - self-restraint, self-control

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-restraint, self-control, subjugation, taming

Root: dam (class 4)

तेजः (tejaḥ) - brilliance, energy, spiritual power, vigor

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - brilliance, luster, energy, power, spiritual energy, vigor

From root tij, to be sharp, to be strong

Root: tij

वर्धयति (vardhayati) - increases, promotes, causes to grow

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vṛdh

Causal

Derived from root vṛdh (1P/Ā) with the causal suffix -aya

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

पवित्रम् (pavitram) - pure, sacred, purifying

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pavitra

pavitra - pure, sacred, purifying, a filter

From root pū (to purify) + itra (suffix for instrument/agent)

Root: pū

Note: It agrees with 'damaḥ' implicitly in the second clause, where 'damaḥ' is understood to be 'param pavitram'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

दमः (damaḥ) - self-restraint, self-control

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-restraint, self-control, subjugation, taming

Root: dam (class 4)

परम् (param) - supreme, highest, ultimate

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - highest, supreme, ultimate, other, next

Note: It modifies 'pavitram'.

विपाप्मा (vipāpmā) - sinless, free from sin

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vipāpman

vipāpman - free from sin, sinless

Compound: vi (prefix) + pāpman (sin)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vi+pāpman)

• vi – without, free from, apart
  indeclinable
• pāpman – sin, evil, guilt
  noun (neuter)

तेजसा (tejasā) - with brilliance, by energy, by spiritual power

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - brilliance, luster, energy, power, spiritual energy, vigor

From root tij, to be sharp, to be strong

Root: tij

Note: Used with 'yuktaḥ' (endowed with).

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - joined, united, endowed with, connected, engaged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, yoked, endowed with, engaged, proper

Past Passive Participle

From root yuj (to join) + kta (suffix for PPP)

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Functions as an adjective here.

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person, human being, spirit, supreme cosmic person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, human being, person, spirit, the supreme cosmic person

विन्दते (vindate) - obtains, finds, gets

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

From root vid (6P), Atmanepada form

Root: vid (class 6)

Note: Atmanepada (middle voice) verb form.

महत् (mahat) - the supreme state, Brahman (great, large, supreme)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, supreme

Present active participle of root 'mah' (to be great), but often used as an independent adjective or noun. Here, neuter nominative/accusative singular.

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Functions as a noun here, 'the great (thing/state)'.