महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-154, verse-34

एक एव दमे दोषो द्वितीयो नोपपद्यते ।
यदेनं क्षमया युक्तमशक्तं मन्यते जनः ॥३४॥

34. eka eva dame doṣo dvitīyo nopapadyate ,
yadenaṁ kṣamayā yuktamaśaktaṁ manyate janaḥ.

34. eka eva dame doṣaḥ dvitīyaḥ na upapadyate
yat enam kṣamayā yuktam aśaktam manyate janaḥ

34. ekaḥ eva doṣaḥ dame (asti),
dvitīyaḥ na upapadyate,
yat janaḥ enam kṣamayā yuktam aśaktam manyate

34. There is only one defect in practicing self-control (dama), and no second one occurs: people consider him who is endowed with forgiveness (kṣamā) to be weak.

Words meanings summery:

• एक (eka) - one, single, unique

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, just, precisely

• दमे (dame) - in self-control, in restraint

• दोषः (doṣaḥ) - fault, defect, flaw

• द्वितीयः (dvitīyaḥ) - second

• न (na) - not, no

• उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - arises, occurs, is produced, is suitable

• यत् (yat) - that, because, which

• एनम् (enam) - him, this one

• क्षमया (kṣamayā) - by forgiveness, with patience

• युक्तम् (yuktam) - endowed with, joined with, connected, proper, composed

• अशक्तम् (aśaktam) - powerless, weak, incapable

• मन्यते (manyate) - thinks, believes, considers

• जनः (janaḥ) - people, person, man

Words meanings and morphology

एक (eka) - one, single, unique

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, unique, sole

Note: Refers to 'doṣaḥ'.

एव (eva) - only, indeed, just, precisely

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'eka'.

दमे (dame) - in self-control, in restraint

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-control, restraint, subduing

Derived from root 'dam' (to tame, control) with suffix 'a'.

Root: dam (class 1)

Note: Refers to the context or sphere where the 'doṣaḥ' exists.

दोषः (doṣaḥ) - fault, defect, flaw

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, vice, sin, error

Derived from root 'duṣ' (to be bad) or 'doṣ' (to be dark) with suffix 'a'.

Root: duṣ (class 4)

द्वितीयः (dvitīyaḥ) - second

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvitīya

dvitīya - second, a second one

Ordinal number, derived from 'dvi' (two).

Note: Used as predicate here.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'upapadyate'.

उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - arises, occurs, is produced, is suitable

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of upapad

Present Tense, Indicative Mood

3rd person singular, ātmanepada. Root 'pad' (cl. 4) with prefix 'upa'.

Prefix: upa

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: The middle voice (ātmanepada) implies action for oneself or that it naturally happens.

यत् (yat) - that, because, which

(indeclinable)

Used here as a conjunction introducing the reason or consequence.

Note: Introduces the explanation for the 'doṣaḥ'.

एनम् (enam) - him, this one

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that (referring to proximity)

Masculine, accusative singular.

Note: Object of 'manyate'. Refers to the self-controlled person.

क्षमया (kṣamayā) - by forgiveness, with patience

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kṣamā

kṣamā - forgiveness, patience, endurance, earth

Feminine noun.

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Means by which one is 'yuktam'.

युक्तम् (yuktam) - endowed with, joined with, connected, proper, composed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, connected, endowed with, engaged, proper; yoked, attentive

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'yuj' with suffix 'kta' (ta).

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'enam'.

अशक्तम् (aśaktam) - powerless, weak, incapable

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aśakta

aśakta - powerless, weak, incapable, unable

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of 'a' (negation) and 'śakta' (capable). 'Śakta' is from 'śak' (to be able).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śakta)

• a – not, un-, in-
  indeclinable
  Negating particle.
• śakta – able, capable, powerful
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'śak' with suffix 'kta' (ta).
  Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Predicative accusative agreeing with 'enam'.

मन्यते (manyate) - thinks, believes, considers

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present Tense, Indicative Mood

3rd person singular, ātmanepada. Root 'man' (cl. 4).

Root: man (class 4)

जनः (janaḥ) - people, person, man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - man, person, people, creature

Masculine noun.

Root: jan (class 4)