महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-154, verse-8

नादान्तस्य क्रियासिद्धिर्यथावदुपलभ्यते ।
दमो दानं तथा यज्ञानधीतं चातिवर्तते ॥८॥

8. nādāntasya kriyāsiddhiryathāvadupalabhyate ,
damo dānaṁ tathā yajñānadhītaṁ cātivartate.

8. na adāntasya kriyāsiddhiḥ yathāvat upalabhyate
damaḥ dānam tathā yajñān adhītam ca ativartate

8. adāntasya kriyāsiddhiḥ yathāvat na upalabhyate.
damaḥ dānam tathā yajñān ca adhītam ativartate.

8. The successful completion of actions (kriyāsiddhi) is not properly attained by one who lacks self-control. Self-control (dama), charity (dāna), Vedic rituals (yajña), and Vedic study (adhīta) indeed surpass [all other virtues].

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (negating the attainment of success). (not, no)

• अदान्तस्य (adāntasya) - for one who lacks self-control. (of one without self-control, of the unrestrained)

• क्रियासिद्धिः (kriyāsiddhiḥ) - the successful completion of actions. (success of action, accomplishment of work)

• यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly or as it should be. (properly, duly, accurately, according to truth)

• उपलभ्यते (upalabhyate) - is properly attained or is found. (is attained, is obtained, is perceived)

• दमः (damaḥ) - self-control (dama). (self-control, restraint)

• दानम् (dānam) - charity (dāna). (giving, charity, gift)

• तथा (tathā) - and (joining items in a list). (and, likewise, thus, so)

• यज्ञान् (yajñān) - sacrifices (yajña). (sacrifices (plural accusative))

• अधीतम् (adhītam) - Vedic study (adhīta). (study, learning, that which has been studied)

• च (ca) - and (joining the last item in the list). (and, also)

• अतिवर्तते (ativartate) - surpass or excel. (excels, surpasses, transcends)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (negating the attainment of success). (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अदान्तस्य (adāntasya) - for one who lacks self-control. (of one without self-control, of the unrestrained)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of adānta

adānta - unrestrained, uncontrolled, untamed

Past Passive Participle with negative prefix

a- (negative prefix) + dānta (past passive participle of √dam 'to tame, control').

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+dānta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• dānta – tamed, controlled, self-restrained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √dam (to tame, control).
  Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Refers to a person who is 'adānta'.

क्रियासिद्धिः (kriyāsiddhiḥ) - the successful completion of actions. (success of action, accomplishment of work)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kriyāsiddhi

kriyāsiddhi - success of action, accomplishment of work

Compound type : tatpurusha (kriyā+siddhi)

• kriyā – action, deed, performance, ritual
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root √kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• siddhi – success, accomplishment, perfection, supernatural power
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root √sidh (to succeed).
  Root: sidh (class 1)

यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly or as it should be. (properly, duly, accurately, according to truth)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an adverb.

उपलभ्यते (upalabhyate) - is properly attained or is found. (is attained, is obtained, is perceived)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of upa-labh

Present tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice (passive here)

Root √labh, Present (Laṭ) middle conjugation, used in passive sense.

Prefix: upa

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: The prefix 'upa-' adds the sense of 'to get near', 'to obtain'.

दमः (damaḥ) - self-control (dama). (self-control, restraint)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-control, restraint, mastery, taming

Derived from root √dam (to tame, control).

Root: dam (class 4)

दानम् (dānam) - charity (dāna). (giving, charity, gift)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - giving, gift, donation, charity

Derived from root √dā (to give).

Root: dā (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - and (joining items in a list). (and, likewise, thus, so)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as a conjunction here.

यज्ञान् (yajñān) - sacrifices (yajña). (sacrifices (plural accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yajña

yajña - sacrifice, worship, ritual

Derived from root √yaj (to sacrifice, worship).

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: The accusative here is likely treated as one of the subjects in the list, though nominative plural 'yajñāḥ' would be more standard.

अधीतम् (adhītam) - Vedic study (adhīta). (study, learning, that which has been studied)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhīta

adhīta - studied, learned, read, Vedic study

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √i (to go) with prefix 'adhi-'.

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Often refers specifically to the study of the Vedas.

च (ca) - and (joining the last item in the list). (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Postpositive conjunction, placed after the word it connects.

अतिवर्तते (ativartate) - surpass or excel. (excels, surpasses, transcends)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ati-vṛt

Present tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice

Root √vṛt, Present (Laṭ) middle conjugation, with prefix 'ati-'.

Prefix: ati

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: The prefix 'ati-' implies 'over', 'beyond', 'to excel'.