महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-154, verse-5

भीष्म उवाच ।
हन्त ते कथयिष्यामि येन श्रेयः प्रपत्स्यसे ।
पीत्वामृतमिव प्राज्ञो ज्ञानतृप्तो भविष्यसि ॥५॥

5. bhīṣma uvāca ,
hanta te kathayiṣyāmi yena śreyaḥ prapatsyase ,
pītvāmṛtamiva prājño jñānatṛpto bhaviṣyasi.

5. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca hanta te kathayiṣyāmi yena śreyaḥ
prapatsyase pītvā amṛtam iva prājñaḥ jñānatṛptaḥ bhaviṣyasi

5. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca hanta,
(aham) te kathayiṣyāmi yena (tvam) śreyaḥ prapatsyase.
(Tvam) amṛtam pītvā iva prājñaḥ jñānatṛptaḥ bhaviṣyasi.

5. Bhishma said: Indeed, I will explain to you that by which you will attain the highest good (śreyas). You will become a wise person, satisfied by knowledge, as if you have drunk nectar.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The venerable Bhishma, a key character in the Mahabharata. (Bhishma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Bhishma said. (said, spoke)

• हन्त (hanta) - An introductory particle expressing emphasis, often 'indeed' or 'now'. (indeed, oh, alas, come on, now (interjection))

• ते (te) - to you (dative singular of 'yūṣmad'). (to you, for you (dative/genitive of 'you'))

• कथयिष्यामि (kathayiṣyāmi) - Bhishma says, 'I will tell.' (I will tell, I will narrate)

• येन (yena) - by which (referring to the explanation to be given). (by which, by whom, with which)

• श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - the highest or ultimate good (śreyas). (the good, prosperity, ultimate good, welfare)

• प्रपत्स्यसे (prapatsyase) - you will attain the highest good. (you will attain, you will reach)

• पीत्वा (pītvā) - having drunk nectar. (having drunk)

• अमृतम् (amṛtam) - nectar, a metaphorical comparison for knowledge. (nectar, immortality)

• इव (iva) - as if or like, indicating a comparison. (like, as, as if)

• प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - a wise person, implying one who understands. (wise, intelligent, learned person)

• ज्ञानतृप्तः (jñānatṛptaḥ) - satisfied by knowledge, referring to the state achieved. (satisfied by knowledge)

• भविष्यसि (bhaviṣyasi) - you will become satisfied. (you will be, you will become)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The venerable Bhishma, a key character in the Mahabharata. (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma

उवाच (uvāca) - Bhishma said. (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root √vac, Perfect (Lit) conjugation. Irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

हन्त (hanta) - An introductory particle expressing emphasis, often 'indeed' or 'now'. (indeed, oh, alas, come on, now (interjection))

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - to you (dative singular of 'yūṣmad'). (to you, for you (dative/genitive of 'you'))

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yūṣmad

yūṣmad - you

Note: This is the enclitic form for dative/genitive singular of 'you'.

कथयिष्यामि (kathayiṣyāmi) - Bhishma says, 'I will tell.' (I will tell, I will narrate)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of kath

Future tense, 1st person singular

Causative stem of √kath + future ending.

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Denominative verb from कथा (kathā, story), functioning as a 10th class verb.

येन (yena) - by which (referring to the explanation to be given). (by which, by whom, with which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - the highest or ultimate good (śreyas). (the good, prosperity, ultimate good, welfare)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śreyas

śreyas - good, excellence, welfare, highest good

Comparative/superlative form of 'śrī' or 'praśasta', meaning 'more excellent' or 'best'.

प्रपत्स्यसे (prapatsyase) - you will attain the highest good. (you will attain, you will reach)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of pra-pad

Future tense, 2nd person singular, middle voice

Root √pad, future (Lṛṭ) middle conjugation.

Prefix: pra

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: The prefix 'pra-' intensifies the meaning to 'attain' or 'reach completely'.

पीत्वा (pītvā) - having drunk nectar. (having drunk)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root √pā with suffix -tvā.

Root: pā (class 1)

अमृतम् (amṛtam) - nectar, a metaphorical comparison for knowledge. (nectar, immortality)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of amṛta

amṛta - immortal, nectar, ambrosia

Past Passive Participle of √mṛ with 'a' negative prefix.

a- (negative prefix) + mṛta (past passive participle of √mṛ 'to die').

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+mṛta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• mṛta – dead, deceased
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √mṛ (to die).
  Root: mṛ (class 6)

इव (iva) - as if or like, indicating a comparison. (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - a wise person, implying one who understands. (wise, intelligent, learned person)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prājña

prājña - wise, knowing, intelligent, a wise man

Derived from 'prajñā' (wisdom).

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Can function as a noun meaning 'wise man'.

ज्ञानतृप्तः (jñānatṛptaḥ) - satisfied by knowledge, referring to the state achieved. (satisfied by knowledge)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jñānatṛpta

jñānatṛpta - satisfied by knowledge

Compound type : tatpurusha (jñāna+tṛpta)

• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root √jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• tṛpta – satisfied, content, full
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √tṛp (to satisfy, to be content).
  Root: tṛp (class 4)

Note: Instrumental tatpuruṣa compound: 'satisfied by knowledge'.

भविष्यसि (bhaviṣyasi) - you will become satisfied. (you will be, you will become)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of bhū

Future tense, 2nd person singular

Root √bhū, future (Lṛṭ) active conjugation.

Root: bhū (class 1)