महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-154, verse-4

धर्मस्य महतो राजन्बहुशाखस्य तत्त्वतः ।
यन्मूलं परमं तात तत्सर्वं ब्रूह्यतन्द्रितः ॥४॥

4. dharmasya mahato rājanbahuśākhasya tattvataḥ ,
yanmūlaṁ paramaṁ tāta tatsarvaṁ brūhyatandritaḥ.

4. dharmasya mahataḥ rājan bahuśākhasya tattvataḥ |
yat mūlam paramam tāta tat sarvam brūhi atandritaḥ

4. rājan tāta mahataḥ bahuśākhasya dharmasya tattvataḥ
yat paramam mūlam tat sarvam atandritaḥ brūhi

4. O King, O dear one, tell me diligently and fully what constitutes the supreme foundation of this great and multi-branched natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of the natural law/righteousness

• महतः (mahataḥ) - of the great, of the mighty

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• बहुशाखस्य (bahuśākhasya) - of the multi-branched, of that having many branches

• तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - in essence, in reality, truly

• यत् (yat) - whatever, which

• मूलम् (mūlam) - root, origin, foundation

• परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, excellent

• तात (tāta) - O dear one (term of endearment from Yudhishthira to Bhishma) (O dear one)

• तत् (tat) - that (supreme root) (that)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, complete

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

• अतन्द्रितः (atandritaḥ) - diligently, without laziness, alert

Words meanings and morphology

धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of the natural law/righteousness

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

महतः (mahataḥ) - of the great, of the mighty

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, mighty, noble

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

बहुशाखस्य (bahuśākhasya) - of the multi-branched, of that having many branches

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bahuśākha

bahuśākha - having many branches

Compound describing something with numerous branches

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahu+śākha)

• bahu – many, much, numerous
  adjective
• śākha – branch, bough
  noun (feminine)

तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - in essence, in reality, truly

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'tattva' (truth, essence) with the ablative suffix '-tas' indicating manner or origin

यत् (yat) - whatever, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whatever (relative pronoun)

मूलम् (mūlam) - root, origin, foundation

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mūla

mūla - root, basis, origin, foundation, source

परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, excellent, ultimate, most distant

तात (tāta) - O dear one (term of endearment from Yudhishthira to Bhishma) (O dear one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - dear one, father, son (a term of endearment, often used honorifically by younger to elder or vice versa)

तत् (tat) - that (supreme root) (that)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, complete

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete, entire

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative mood, active voice

Root: brū (class 2)

अतन्द्रितः (atandritaḥ) - diligently, without laziness, alert

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atandrita

atandrita - diligent, not lazy, alert, assiduous

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound meaning 'not lazy'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+tandrita)

• a – not, un- (negation prefix)
  indeclinable
• tandrita – lazy, drowsy, tired
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: tand (class 1)