महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-140, verse-37

तेषां प्रीत्या यशो मुख्यमप्रीत्या तु विपर्ययः ।
प्रीत्या ह्यमृतवद्विप्राः क्रुद्धाश्चैव यथा विषम् ॥३७॥

37. teṣāṁ prītyā yaśo mukhyamaprītyā tu viparyayaḥ ,
prītyā hyamṛtavadviprāḥ kruddhāścaiva yathā viṣam.

37. teṣām prītyā yaśaḥ mukhyam aprītyā tu viparyayaḥ
prītyā hi amṛtavat viprāḥ kruddhāḥ ca eva yathā viṣam

37. viprāḥ teṣām prītyā yaśaḥ mukhyam aprītyā tu viparyayaḥ
hi prītyā amṛtavat ca eva kruddhāḥ yathā viṣam

37. Their favor brings primary renown, but their disfavor brings the opposite. Indeed, O brahmins, when pleased, they are like nectar, but when angered, they are certainly like poison.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

• प्रीत्या (prītyā) - by favor, by pleasure, with love

• यशः (yaśaḥ) - fame, glory, renown

• मुख्यम् (mukhyam) - chief, principal, main

• अप्रीत्या (aprītyā) - by displeasure, by disfavor, by enmity

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

• विपर्ययः (viparyayaḥ) - opposite, reversal, contrary

• प्रीत्या (prītyā) - by favor, by pleasure, with love

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, certainly

• अमृतवत् (amṛtavat) - like nectar, resembling immortality

• विप्राः (viprāḥ) - O brahmins, O wise ones

• क्रुद्धाः (kruddhāḥ) - angered, enraged

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, certainly

• यथा (yathā) - like, as, just as

• विषम् (viṣam) - poison

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

प्रीत्या (prītyā) - by favor, by pleasure, with love

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of prīti

prīti - pleasure, favor, love, affection

यशः (yaśaḥ) - fame, glory, renown

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yaśas

yaśas - fame, glory, honor, splendor

मुख्यम् (mukhyam) - chief, principal, main

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mukhya

mukhya - chief, principal, main, foremost

अप्रीत्या (aprītyā) - by displeasure, by disfavor, by enmity

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of aprīti

aprīti - displeasure, disfavor, dislike, enmity

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+prīti)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• prīti – pleasure, favor, love, affection
  noun (feminine)

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

(indeclinable)

विपर्ययः (viparyayaḥ) - opposite, reversal, contrary

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viparyaya

viparyaya - opposite, reversal, contrary, inverse

प्रीत्या (prītyā) - by favor, by pleasure, with love

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of prīti

prīti - pleasure, favor, love, affection

हि (hi) - indeed, for, certainly

(indeclinable)

अमृतवत् (amṛtavat) - like nectar, resembling immortality

(indeclinable)

Derived with the suffix -vat, meaning 'like' or 'as'

विप्राः (viprāḥ) - O brahmins, O wise ones

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of vipra

vipra - brahmin, wise person, sage

क्रुद्धाः (kruddhāḥ) - angered, enraged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, furious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root krudh (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, certainly

(indeclinable)

यथा (yathā) - like, as, just as

(indeclinable)

विषम् (viṣam) - poison

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of viṣa

viṣa - poison, venom