महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-140, verse-10

सम्यग्विज्ञानिनः केचिन्मिथ्याविज्ञानिनोऽपरे ।
तद्वै यथातथं बुद्ध्वा ज्ञानमाददते सताम् ॥१०॥

10. samyagvijñāninaḥ kecinmithyāvijñānino'pare ,
tadvai yathātathaṁ buddhvā jñānamādadate satām.

10. samyak vijñāninaḥ kecit mithyāvijñāninaḥ apare
tat vai yathātatham buddhvā jñānam ādadate satām

10. kecit samyak vijñāninaḥ apare mithyāvijñāninaḥ
vai tat yathātatham buddhvā satām jñānam ādadate

10. Some are truly discerning, while others are falsely discerning. Indeed, having understood that `dharma` (natural law) as it truly is, they acquire the knowledge of the virtuous.

Words meanings summery:

• सम्यक् (samyak) - correctly, truly (correctly, truly, properly, completely)

• विज्ञानिनः (vijñāninaḥ) - discerning (people) (knowing, discerning, wise, a knower)

• केचित् (kecit) - some (people) (some, certain ones)

• मिथ्याविज्ञानिनः (mithyāvijñāninaḥ) - falsely discerning (people) (knowing falsely, having false knowledge)

• अपरे (apare) - others (people) (others, other ones)

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to dharma from the previous verse) (that, this, it)

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (emphasis) (indeed, certainly, verily, surely)

• यथातथम् (yathātatham) - as it truly is, accurately (as it is, truly, accurately, exactly)

• बुद्ध्वा (buddhvā) - having understood (having known, having understood)

• ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge (knowledge, wisdom)

• आददते (ādadate) - they acquire (they take, they acquire, they receive)

• सताम् (satām) - of the virtuous (people) (of the good, of the virtuous, of the true, of the existing)

Words meanings and morphology

सम्यक् (samyak) - correctly, truly (correctly, truly, properly, completely)

(indeclinable)

Derived from sam-añc (to go together, to be complete).

Prefix: sam

Root: añc (class 1)

विज्ञानिनः (vijñāninaḥ) - discerning (people) (knowing, discerning, wise, a knower)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vijñānin

vijñānin - knowing, discerning, wise, one who knows, an intelligent person

Agent noun from vijñā.

Formed from vijñā (to know, understand) with in suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Subject.

केचित् (kecit) - some (people) (some, certain ones)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kaścid

kaścid - some, someone, certain, a certain person

From interrogative pronoun ka + particle cid.

Note: Subject.

मिथ्याविज्ञानिनः (mithyāvijñāninaḥ) - falsely discerning (people) (knowing falsely, having false knowledge)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mithyāvijñānin

mithyāvijñānin - knowing falsely, having false knowledge, one who has false understanding

Agent noun from vijñā with adverb mithyā.

Compound of mithyā (falsely) and vijñānin (knower).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mithyā+vijñānin)

• mithyā – falsely, wrongly, incorrectly, in vain
  indeclinable
• vijñānin – knowing, discerning, wise, one who knows
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from vijñā.
  Formed from vijñā (to know, understand) with in suffix.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Predicate or apposition to apare.

अपरे (apare) - others (people) (others, other ones)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apara

apara - other, another, later, inferior

Note: Subject.

तत् (tat) - that (referring to dharma from the previous verse) (that, this, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it, he, she

Demonstrative pronoun.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (emphasis) (indeed, certainly, verily, surely)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

यथातथम् (yathātatham) - as it truly is, accurately (as it is, truly, accurately, exactly)

(indeclinable)

Compound of yathā (as) and tathā (so). Often used adverbially.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+tathā)

• yathā – as, just as, in what manner
  indeclinable
• tathā – so, thus, in that manner, in like manner
  indeclinable

बुद्ध्वा (buddhvā) - having understood (having known, having understood)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root budh (to know, perceive) with ktvā suffix.

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially.

ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge (knowledge, wisdom)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, consciousness, understanding

Action noun

Derived from root jñā (to know) with ana suffix.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of ādadate.

आददते (ādadate) - they acquire (they take, they acquire, they receive)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of ādā

Present middle indicative

Root dā (to give, take) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Verb of the second clause.

सताम् (satām) - of the virtuous (people) (of the good, of the virtuous, of the true, of the existing)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sat

sat - good, virtuous, true, existing, being

Present active participle (from as, to be)

Formed from root as with śatṛ suffix.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Modifies jñānam (knowledge of the virtuous) or refers to the source of knowledge.