महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-140, verse-13

अपक्वमतयो मन्दा न जानन्ति यथातथम् ।
सदा ह्यशास्त्रकुशलाः सर्वत्रापरिनिष्ठिताः ॥१३॥

13. apakvamatayo mandā na jānanti yathātatham ,
sadā hyaśāstrakuśalāḥ sarvatrāpariniṣṭhitāḥ.

13. apakvamātayaḥ mandāḥ na jānanti yathātatham
sadā hi aśāstrakūśalāḥ sarvatra apariniṣṭitāḥ

13. mandāḥ apakvamātayaḥ yathātatham na jānanti
hi aśāstrakūśalāḥ sarvatra apariniṣṭitāḥ sadā

13. Those with immature and dull minds do not truly understand things as they are. Indeed, they are always unskilled in the scriptures and remain unestablished or irresolute in all matters.

Words meanings summery:

• अपक्वमातयः (apakvamātayaḥ) - immature-minded, unripe-witted

• मन्दाः (mandāḥ) - dull, slow, slow-witted, lazy

• न (na) - not, no

• जानन्ति (jānanti) - they know, they understand

• यथातथम् (yathātatham) - truly, correctly, as it is, factually

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• अशास्त्रकूशलाः (aśāstrakūśalāḥ) - unskilled in scriptures, not proficient in scriptures

• सर्वत्र (sarvatra) - everywhere, in all places, in all matters

• अपरिनिष्टिताः (apariniṣṭitāḥ) - unsettled, unestablished, not fully understood, not proficient

Words meanings and morphology

अपक्वमातयः (apakvamātayaḥ) - immature-minded, unripe-witted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apakvamati

apakvamati - immature mind, unripe intellect

Compound formed from 'apakva' (unripe, immature) and 'mati' (mind, intellect).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (apakva+mati)

• apakva – unripe, immature, uncooked
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'pac' (to cook, ripen) with 'a' prefix and 'kta' suffix.
  Prefix: a
  Root: pac (class 1)
• mati – mind, intelligence, thought, understanding
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'man' (to think).
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Used here as a substantive adjective, referring to 'persons'.

मन्दाः (mandāḥ) - dull, slow, slow-witted, lazy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manda

manda - dull, slow, sluggish, weak, lazy

Note: Used here as a substantive adjective, referring to 'persons'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

जानन्ति (jānanti) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

Present Active Indicative

From root 'jñā', 9th class verb.

Root: jñā (class 9)

यथातथम् (yathātatham) - truly, correctly, as it is, factually

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of 'yathātatha'.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+tatha)

• yathā – as, just as, in such a manner
  indeclinable
• tatha – so, thus, in that manner
  indeclinable

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

Adverb from 'sa' (with) and 'dā' (time suffix).

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

Emphatic or causal particle.

अशास्त्रकूशलाः (aśāstrakūśalāḥ) - unskilled in scriptures, not proficient in scriptures

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aśāstrakūśala

aśāstrakūśala - unskillful in scripture, not expert in sacred texts

Compound formed from 'a' (not), 'śāstra' (scripture), and 'kuśala' (skillful, expert).

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+śāstra+kuśala)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• śāstra – scripture, sacred text, treatise, rule
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'śās' (to teach, instruct).
  Root: śās (class 2)
• kuśala – skillful, expert, proficient, well-being
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Refers to persons.

सर्वत्र (sarvatra) - everywhere, in all places, in all matters

(indeclinable)

From 'sarva' (all) with 'tra' suffix (locative sense).

अपरिनिष्टिताः (apariniṣṭitāḥ) - unsettled, unestablished, not fully understood, not proficient

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apariniṣṭita

apariniṣṭita - unsettled, unestablished, not proficient, not brought to an end

Past Passive Participle (negative)

Compound of 'a' (not) + 'pariniṣṭita'. 'pariniṣṭita' is PPP of 'pariniṣṭhā' (to establish, fix, accomplish).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pariniṣṭita)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• pariniṣṭita – established, settled, concluded, proficient
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'sthā' with prefixes 'pari' and 'ni'.
  Prefixes: pari+ni
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to persons.