महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-140, verse-23

तेन त्वं छिन्नमूलेन कं तोषयितुमर्हसि ।
अतथ्यविहितं यो वा नेदं वाक्यमुपाश्नुयात् ॥२३॥

23. tena tvaṁ chinnamūlena kaṁ toṣayitumarhasi ,
atathyavihitaṁ yo vā nedaṁ vākyamupāśnuyāt.

23. tena tvam chinnamūlena kam toṣayitum arhasi
atathyavihitam yaḥ vā na idam vākyam upāśnuyāt

23. tvam tena chinnamūlena kam toṣayitum arhasi vā
yaḥ idam vākyam na upāśnuyāt atathyavihitam

23. By that rootless (doctrine or deed), you, whom are you able to satisfy? Or, whoever does not resort to this statement, his (doctrine or deed) is falsely established.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by that rootless (doctrine/deed) (by that, with that)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• छिन्नमूलेन (chinnamūlena) - by the one whose roots are cut, by the uprooted (doctrine/person)

• कम् (kam) - whom?

• तोषयितुम् (toṣayitum) - to please, to satisfy

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you are able, you ought, you deserve

• अतथ्यविहितम् (atathyavihitam) - falsely established, untruthfully ordained

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever, he who

• वा (vā) - or

• न (na) - not, no

• इदम् (idam) - this (true) statement (this)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - statement, word, teaching

• उपाश्नुयात् (upāśnuyāt) - would resort to, would obtain, would partake of

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by that rootless (doctrine/deed) (by that, with that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

छिन्नमूलेन (chinnamūlena) - by the one whose roots are cut, by the uprooted (doctrine/person)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of chinnamūla

chinnamūla - uprooted, rootless, whose roots are cut

Compound type : bahuvrihi (chinna+mūla)

• chinna – cut, severed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'chid' (to cut) + '-na' (PPP suffix).
  Root: chid (class 7)
• mūla – root, origin, foundation
  noun (neuter)

कम् (kam) - whom?

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

तोषयितुम् (toṣayitum) - to please, to satisfy

(verb)

infinitive of tuṣ

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

Note: Infinitive of causative 'toṣayati'.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you are able, you ought, you deserve

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

अतथ्यविहितम् (atathyavihitam) - falsely established, untruthfully ordained

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of atathyavihita

atathyavihita - falsely established, untruthfully ordained

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+tathya+vihita)

• a – not
  indeclinable
• tathya – true, real, truthful
  adjective (neuter)
• vihita – established, ordained, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from 'vi-' (prefix) + root 'dhā' (to place, put) + '-ta' (PPP suffix).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Functions as a predicate here.

यः (yaḥ) - whoever, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - this (true) statement (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - statement, word, teaching

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - statement, word, sentence

Root: vac (class 2)

उपाश्नुयात् (upāśnuyāt) - would resort to, would obtain, would partake of

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of upa-aś

Prefix: upa

Root: aś (class 5)