महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-6, verse-23

सोऽहमुत्क्रम्य पन्थानं शास्त्रदृष्टं सनातनम् ।
अमार्गेणैवमारभ्य घोरामापदमागतः ॥२३॥

23. so'hamutkramya panthānaṁ śāstradṛṣṭaṁ sanātanam ,
amārgeṇaivamārabhya ghorāmāpadamāgataḥ.

23. saḥ aham utkramya panthānam śāstra-dṛṣṭam
sanātanam amārgeṇa eva ārabya ghorām āpadam āgataḥ

23. saḥ aham śāstra-dṛṣṭam sanātanam panthānam
utkramya amārgeṇa eva ārabya ghorām āpadam āgataḥ

23. So I, having transgressed the eternal path seen by the scriptures, and having commenced on a wrong path, have encountered a terrible calamity.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - I (connecting to 'aham') (he, that)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• उत्क्रम्य (utkramya) - having transgressed (having transgressed, having stepped over, having exceeded)

• पन्थानम् (panthānam) - the path (path, way, road)

• शास्त्र-दृष्टम् (śāstra-dṛṣṭam) - seen by the scriptures (seen by scriptures, ordained by scriptures)

• सनातनम् (sanātanam) - eternal (eternal, perpetual, ancient)

• अमार्गेण (amārgeṇa) - by a wrong path (by a wrong path, by an unrighteous way)

• एव (eva) - indeed (emphasizing the wrong path) (only, just, indeed, certainly)

• आरब्य (ārabya) - having commenced (having begun, having started, having undertaken)

• घोराम् (ghorām) - terrible (terrible, dreadful, fearful, awful)

• आपदम् (āpadam) - calamity (calamity, misfortune, distress)

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - have encountered (having come, arrived, encountered, obtained)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - I (connecting to 'aham') (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

First person singular pronoun.

उत्क्रम्य (utkramya) - having transgressed (having transgressed, having stepped over, having exceeded)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root kram with upasarga ut + lyap suffix.

Prefix: ut

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed prior to the main verb.

पन्थानम् (panthānam) - the path (path, way, road)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pathin

pathin - path, way, road

Note: Object of 'utkramya'.

शास्त्र-दृष्टम् (śāstra-dṛṣṭam) - seen by the scriptures (seen by scriptures, ordained by scriptures)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāstra-dṛṣṭa

śāstra-dṛṣṭa - scripture-seen

Compound type : Tatpurusha (śāstra+dṛṣṭa)

• śāstra – scripture, treatise, rule
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śās (class 2)
• dṛṣṭa – seen, perceived, observed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dṛś (to see) + kta suffix
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Adjective agreeing with 'panthānam'.

सनातनम् (sanātanam) - eternal (eternal, perpetual, ancient)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sanātana

sanātana - eternal, perpetual, ancient, ever-present

Note: Adjective agreeing with 'panthānam'.

अमार्गेण (amārgeṇa) - by a wrong path (by a wrong path, by an unrighteous way)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of amārga

amārga - wrong path, bad way, unrighteous way

Derived from 'na' + 'mārga' (path).

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpurusha (a+mārga)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
• mārga – path, way, road
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mṛj (class 2)

Note: Indicates the means or manner of action.

एव (eva) - indeed (emphasizing the wrong path) (only, just, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

आरब्य (ārabya) - having commenced (having begun, having started, having undertaken)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root rabh with upasarga ā + lyap suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: rabh (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed prior to the main verb.

घोराम् (ghorām) - terrible (terrible, dreadful, fearful, awful)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, fearful, awful

Root: ghū (class 1)

Note: Adjective agreeing with 'āpadam'.

आपदम् (āpadam) - calamity (calamity, misfortune, distress)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āpad

āpad - calamity, misfortune, distress, danger

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Object of 'āgataḥ' (implicitly).

आगतः (āgataḥ) - have encountered (having come, arrived, encountered, obtained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gam

gam - to go, to come

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam with upasarga ā + kta suffix, masculine nominative singular.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Acts as the main predicate for 'aham'. The past passive participle can often be used to form a perfect tense with the subject in nominative.