महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-6, verse-20

शास्त्रदृष्टानवध्यान्यः समतीत्य जिघांसति ।
स पथः प्रच्युतो धर्म्यात्कुपथं प्रतिपद्यते ॥२०॥

20. śāstradṛṣṭānavadhyānyaḥ samatītya jighāṁsati ,
sa pathaḥ pracyuto dharmyātkupathaṁ pratipadyate.

20. śāstradṛṣṭān anavadhyān yaḥ samatītya jighāṃsati
saḥ pathaḥ pracyutaḥ dharmyāt kupatham pratipadyate

20. yaḥ śāstradṛṣṭān anavadhyān samatītya jighāṃsati
saḥ dharmyāt pathaḥ pracyutaḥ kupatham pratipadyate

20. Whoever, disregarding those declared inviolable by the scriptures, seeks to kill them, that person deviates from the righteous (dharma) path and takes a wicked course.

Words meanings summery:

• शास्त्रदृष्टान् (śāstradṛṣṭān) - seen in the scriptures, sanctioned by the scriptures, prescribed by sacred texts

• अनवध्यान् (anavadhyān) - those who are inviolable and should not be killed (not to be killed, inviolable, blameless)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever, which

• समतीत्य (samatītya) - having disregarded, having transgressed, having gone beyond

• जिघांसति (jighāṁsati) - desires to kill, seeks to kill

• सः (saḥ) - he, that one

• पथः (pathaḥ) - from the path, from the way

• प्रच्युतः (pracyutaḥ) - fallen away, deviated, swerved

• धर्म्यात् (dharmyāt) - from the path of (dharma) (from the righteous, from the lawful, from the (dharma) path)

• कुपथम् (kupatham) - to a bad path, wrong path, wicked course

• प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - he attains, he enters, he takes to

Words meanings and morphology

शास्त्रदृष्टान् (śāstradṛṣṭān) - seen in the scriptures, sanctioned by the scriptures, prescribed by sacred texts

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śāstradṛṣṭa

śāstradṛṣṭa - seen/prescribed in the scriptures

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śāstra+dṛṣṭa)

• śāstra – scripture, sacred text, treatise
  noun (neuter)
• dṛṣṭa – seen, observed, perceived
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √dṛś (to see).
  Root: √dṛś (class 1)

अनवध्यान् (anavadhyān) - those who are inviolable and should not be killed (not to be killed, inviolable, blameless)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anavadhya

anavadhya - not to be killed, inviolable, blameless

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from the root √vadh (to kill) with negative prefix 'an-'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+vadhya)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
• vadhya – to be killed, deserving death
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √vadh (to kill).
  Root: √vadh (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

समतीत्य (samatītya) - having disregarded, having transgressed, having gone beyond

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root √i (to go) with upasargas sam- and ati-.

Prefixes: sam+ati

Root: √i (class 2)

जिघांसति (jighāṁsati) - desires to kill, seeks to kill

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jighāṃs

Desiderative Present Active

3rd person singular, active voice of the desiderative stem of the root √han (to kill).

Root: √han (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पथः (pathaḥ) - from the path, from the way

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of patha

patha - path, road, way

प्रच्युतः (pracyutaḥ) - fallen away, deviated, swerved

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pracyuta

pracyuta - fallen, swerved, deviated, separated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √cyu (to move, to fall) with upasarga pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: √cyu (class 1)

धर्म्यात् (dharmyāt) - from the path of (dharma) (from the righteous, from the lawful, from the (dharma) path)

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of dharmya

dharmya - righteous, lawful, consistent with (dharma)

Derived from the word dharma with the suffix -ya.

कुपथम् (kupatham) - to a bad path, wrong path, wicked course

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kupatha

kupatha - bad path, wrong road, wicked course

Compound type : ku-tatpuruṣa (ku+patha)

• ku – bad, evil, wrong
  indeclinable
• patha – path, road, way
  noun (masculine)

प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - he attains, he enters, he takes to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of √pad

Present Middle

3rd person singular, middle voice of the root √pad (to go) with upasarga prati-.

Prefix: prati

Root: √pad (class 4)