महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-3, verse-21

सोऽस्मि जातः कुले श्रेष्ठे ब्राह्मणानां सुपूजिते ।
मन्दभाग्यतयास्म्येतं क्षत्रधर्ममनु ष्ठितः ॥२१॥

21. so'smi jātaḥ kule śreṣṭhe brāhmaṇānāṁ supūjite ,
mandabhāgyatayāsmyetaṁ kṣatradharmamanu ṣṭhitaḥ.

21. saḥ asmi jātaḥ kule śreṣṭhe brāhmaṇānām supūjite
mandabhāgyatayā asmi etam kṣatradharmam anuṣṭhitaḥ

21. saḥ jātaḥ asmi śreṣṭhe supūjite brāhmaṇānām kule
mandabhāgyatayā etam kṣatradharmam anuṣṭhitaḥ

21. I was born into an excellent and highly revered family of Brahmins, but due to misfortune, I have undertaken this warrior's natural law (kṣatradharma).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - I (referring to the speaker, idiomatically used as first person 'I') (he, that (person))

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced, become

• कुले (kule) - in a family, in a lineage

• श्रेष्ठे (śreṣṭhe) - excellent, best, noblest

• ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brahmins

• सुपूजिते (supūjite) - highly revered, well-honored

• मन्दभाग्यतया (mandabhāgyatayā) - due to misfortune, by reason of bad luck

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• एतम् (etam) - this, this (masculine singular accusative)

• क्षत्रधर्मम् (kṣatradharmam) - the natural law (dharma) of a Kshatriya, warrior's duty

• अनुष्ठितः (anuṣṭhitaḥ) - undertaken, performed, practiced, observed

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - I (referring to the speaker, idiomatically used as first person 'I') (he, that (person))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the speaker.

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active

Root verb

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Connects 'saḥ' (as 'I') and 'jātaḥ' to 'I am'.

जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced, become

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, happened, arisen

Past Passive Participle

PPP of √jan (to be born, produce)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective with 'asmi', agreeing with the implicit subject 'I'.

कुले (kule) - in a family, in a lineage

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, race, house

Note: Refers to where one is born.

श्रेष्ठे (śreṣṭhe) - excellent, best, noblest

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, excellent, noblest, chief, most distinguished

Superlative of praśasya (praiseworthy)

Root: praśas

Note: Agrees with 'kule'.

ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brahmins

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin

Note: Qualifies 'kule' as 'family of Brahmins'.

सुपूजिते (supūjite) - highly revered, well-honored

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of supūjita

supūjita - highly honored, well-worshipped, greatly revered

Past Passive Participle

PPP of √pūj (to honor, worship) with prefix su- (good, well)

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (su+pūjita)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• pūjita – honored, worshipped, respected
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of √pūj
  Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'kule'.

मन्दभाग्यतया (mandabhāgyatayā) - due to misfortune, by reason of bad luck

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of mandabhāgyatā

mandabhāgyatā - misfortune, bad luck, ill-fate

Derived from mandabhāgya (unfortunate) + -tā (suffix for abstract noun)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (manda+bhāgya+-tā)

• manda – slow, dull, bad, unfortunate
  adjective (masculine)
• bhāgya – luck, fortune, destiny
  noun (neuter)
• -tā – abstract noun suffix (ness, hood)
  suffix (feminine)

Note: Expresses cause/reason.

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active

Root verb

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Connects 'anuṣṭhitaḥ' to 'I am'.

एतम् (etam) - this, this (masculine singular accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Agrees with 'kṣatradharmam'.

क्षत्रधर्मम् (kṣatradharmam) - the natural law (dharma) of a Kshatriya, warrior's duty

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣatradharma

kṣatradharma - the natural law (dharma) of a Kshatriya, warrior's duty, righteous conduct for a warrior

Compound

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kṣatra+dharma)

• kṣatra – rule, dominion, power, warrior class
  noun (neuter)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ (to hold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'anuṣṭhitaḥ'.

अनुष्ठितः (anuṣṭhitaḥ) - undertaken, performed, practiced, observed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anuṣṭhita

anuṣṭhita - undertaken, performed, observed, practiced, carried out

Past Passive Participle

PPP of √sthā (to stand) with prefix anu- (after, along)

Prefix: anu

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective with 'asmi', agreeing with the implicit subject 'I'.