महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-3, verse-20

अदान्तो ब्राह्मणोऽसाधुर्निस्तेजाः क्षत्रियोऽधमः ।
अदक्षो निन्द्यते वैश्यः शूद्रश्च प्रतिकूलवान् ॥२०॥

20. adānto brāhmaṇo'sādhurnistejāḥ kṣatriyo'dhamaḥ ,
adakṣo nindyate vaiśyaḥ śūdraśca pratikūlavān.

20. adāntaḥ brāhmaṇaḥ asādhuḥ nistejāḥ kṣatriyaḥ adhamaḥ
adakṣaḥ nindyate vaiśyaḥ śūdraḥ ca pratikūlavān

20. adāntaḥ brāhmaṇaḥ asādhuḥ nistejāḥ kṣatriyaḥ adhamaḥ
adakṣaḥ vaiśyaḥ nindyate śūdraḥ ca pratikūlavān

20. An unrestrained Brahmin is unvirtuous. A Kshatriya devoid of valor is inferior. An unskilled Vaishya is censured, and a Shudra who is hostile is also criticized.

Words meanings summery:

• अदान्तः (adāntaḥ) - lacking self-control (unrestrained, uncontrolled, untamed)

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin

• असाधुः (asādhuḥ) - unvirtuous, bad, wicked, not good

• निस्तेजाः (nistejāḥ) - lacking brilliance, powerless, spiritless, devoid of valor

• क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a Kshatriya

• अधमः (adhamaḥ) - lowest, inferior, vile

• अदक्षः (adakṣaḥ) - unskilled, inefficient, clumsy

• निन्द्यते (nindyate) - is censured, is blamed, is criticized

• वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a Vaishya

• शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a Shudra

• च (ca) - and, also

• प्रतिकूलवान् (pratikūlavān) - hostile, contrary, disobedient, unfavorable

Words meanings and morphology

अदान्तः (adāntaḥ) - lacking self-control (unrestrained, uncontrolled, untamed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adānta

adānta - unrestrained, uncontrolled, untamed, unsubdued

Past Passive Participle

Negative of dānta (controlled, subdued), PPP of √dam (to control)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dānta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• dānta – controlled, subdued, patient
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of √dam
  Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'brāhmaṇaḥ'.

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class

Note: Subject of the implied sentence 'is unvirtuous'.

असाधुः (asādhuḥ) - unvirtuous, bad, wicked, not good

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asādhu

asādhu - bad, wicked, unvirtuous, not good, evil

Negative of sādhu (good, virtuous)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sādhu)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• sādhu – good, virtuous, righteous, holy man
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Predicate adjective, agrees with 'brāhmaṇaḥ'.

निस्तेजाः (nistejāḥ) - lacking brilliance, powerless, spiritless, devoid of valor

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nistejas

nistejas - lacking brilliance, powerless, spiritless, devoid of energy/valor

Compound of nis (without) + tejas (brilliance, valor)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+tejas)

• nis – out, without
  indeclinable
• tejas – brilliance, valor, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'kṣatriyaḥ'.

क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a Kshatriya

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - a member of the warrior class, a ruler

Note: Subject of the implied sentence 'is inferior'.

अधमः (adhamaḥ) - lowest, inferior, vile

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhama

adhama - lowest, vilest, inferior, base

Superlative of adha (below, lower)

Note: Predicate adjective, agrees with 'kṣatriyaḥ'.

अदक्षः (adakṣaḥ) - unskilled, inefficient, clumsy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adakṣa

adakṣa - unskilled, inefficient, clumsy, incapable, not clever

Negative of dakṣa (skillful, efficient)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dakṣa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• dakṣa – skillful, able, clever, efficient
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'vaiśyaḥ'.

निन्द्यते (nindyate) - is censured, is blamed, is criticized

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of nind

Present Middle Voice

From root √nind (to blame)

Root: nind (class 1)

Note: The middle voice ending implies passive sense here.

वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a Vaishya

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśya

vaiśya - a member of the merchant/farmer class

Note: Subject of 'nindyate'.

शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a Shudra

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūdra

śūdra - a member of the laborer/service class

Note: Subject (along with 'vaiśyaḥ') for 'nindyate' and implied for 'pratikūlavān'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'śūdraḥ' to 'vaiśyaḥ'.

प्रतिकूलवान् (pratikūlavān) - hostile, contrary, disobedient, unfavorable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratikūlavat

pratikūlavat - possessing hostility, hostile, unfavorable, contrary

Derived from pratikūla (contrary, hostile) + -vat (possessive suffix)

Note: Agrees with 'śūdraḥ'. Implies 'is hostile' or 'becomes hostile'.