महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-216, verse-14

ध्वजे भूतानि तत्रासन्विविधानि महान्ति च ।
नादेन रिपुसैन्यानां येषां संज्ञा प्रणश्यति ॥१४॥

14. dhvaje bhūtāni tatrāsanvividhāni mahānti ca ,
nādena ripusainyānāṁ yeṣāṁ saṁjñā praṇaśyati.

14. dhvaje bhūtāni tatra āsan vividhāni mahānti ca
nādena ripusaínyānām yeṣām saṃjñā praṇaśyati

14. Upon that banner, various mighty beings were present, by whose sound the enemy armies would lose their consciousness.

Words meanings summery:

• ध्वजे (dhvaje) - on the flag, on the banner

• भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings, creatures, elements

• तत्र (tatra) - on the flagpole/banner (there, in that place)

• आसन् (āsan) - were, existed

• विविधानि (vividhāni) - various, diverse, manifold

• महान्ति (mahānti) - great, mighty, large

• च (ca) - and, also

• नादेन (nādena) - by the sound, with the noise

• रिपुसैन्यानाम् (ripusainyānām) - of the enemy armies

• येषाम् (yeṣām) - of whom, of which

• संज्ञा (saṁjñā) - consciousness, awareness, knowledge, understanding, name

• प्रणश्यति (praṇaśyati) - perishes, is destroyed, is lost

Words meanings and morphology

ध्वजे (dhvaje) - on the flag, on the banner

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dhvaja

dhvaja - flag, banner, standard

Root: dhvaj (class 1)

Note: Refers to the banner mentioned in the previous verse.

भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings, creatures, elements

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, ghost, past

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √bhū (to be, exist). Used here as a noun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'āsan'.

तत्र (tatra) - on the flagpole/banner (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from pronoun 'tad'.

आसन् (āsan) - were, existed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect

3rd person plural, imperfect tense, active voice.

Root: as (class 2)

विविधानि (vividhāni) - various, diverse, manifold

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of vividha

vividha - various, diverse, manifold, of various kinds

Compound of 'vi' (apart) and 'vidha' (sort, kind).

Compound type : karmadharaya (vi+vidha)

• vi – apart, asunder, distinct
  indeclinable
  Prefix.
• vidha – kind, sort, type
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'bhūtāni'.

महान्ति (mahānti) - great, mighty, large

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

T-stem adjective. Neuter plural nominative/accusative form is 'mahānti'.

Note: Qualifies 'bhūtāni'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

नादेन (nādena) - by the sound, with the noise

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nāda

nāda - sound, roar, noise, cry

From root √nad (to roar, sound).

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Instrument by which consciousness is lost.

रिपुसैन्यानाम् (ripusainyānām) - of the enemy armies

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of ripusainya

ripusainya - enemy army, host of enemies

Compound type : tatpurusha (ripu+sainya)

• ripu – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rip (class 6)
• sainya – army, host
  noun (neuter)
  From 'senā' (army).

Note: Possessive modifier for consciousness.

येषाम् (yeṣām) - of whom, of which

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what

Relative pronoun. Neuter plural genitive form.

संज्ञा (saṁjñā) - consciousness, awareness, knowledge, understanding, name

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saṃjñā

saṁjñā - consciousness, awareness, understanding, knowledge, name, sign

From root √jñā (to know) with prefix saṃ-.

Prefix: sam

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Subject of 'praṇaśyati'.

प्रणश्यति (praṇaśyati) - perishes, is destroyed, is lost

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of praṇaś

Present Active

3rd person singular, present tense, active voice. Root √naś (to perish) with prefix pra-. Retroflexion of 'n' to 'ṇ' due to 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: naś (class 4)