महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-216, verse-13

तस्यां तु वानरो दिव्यः सिंहशार्दूललक्षणः ।
विनर्दन्निव तत्रस्थः संस्थितो मूर्ध्न्यशोभत ॥१३॥

13. tasyāṁ tu vānaro divyaḥ siṁhaśārdūlalakṣaṇaḥ ,
vinardanniva tatrasthaḥ saṁsthito mūrdhnyaśobhata.

13. tasyām tu vānaraḥ divyaḥ siṃhaśārdūlalakṣaṇaḥ
vinardan iva tatrasthaḥ saṃsthitaḥ mūrdhni aśobhata

13. And upon that [flagpole], a divine monkey (vānara), adorned with the characteristics of a lion and a tiger, stood splendidly at its peak, as if roaring from that very position.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्याम् (tasyām) - on that flagpole (on that, in that)

• तु (tu) - but, and, indeed, however

• वानरः (vānaraḥ) - the monkey god Hanuman (monkey, ape)

• दिव्यः (divyaḥ) - divine, celestial, heavenly

• सिंहशार्दूललक्षणः (siṁhaśārdūlalakṣaṇaḥ) - having the marks of a lion and a tiger

• विनर्दन् (vinardan) - roaring, shouting

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• तत्रस्थः (tatrasthaḥ) - standing there, situated there

• संस्थितः (saṁsthitaḥ) - stationed, placed, situated

• मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - on the top of the flagpole (on the head, on the top)

• अशोभत (aśobhata) - shone, appeared splendid, was beautiful

Words meanings and morphology

तस्याम् (tasyām) - on that flagpole (on that, in that)

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Feminine locative singular of 'tad'.

तु (tu) - but, and, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Particle.

वानरः (vānaraḥ) - the monkey god Hanuman (monkey, ape)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vānara

vānara - monkey, ape, belonging to a forest

Note: Subject of the sentence.

दिव्यः (divyaḥ) - divine, celestial, heavenly

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of divya

divya - divine, celestial, heavenly, wonderful

From 'div' (sky, heaven).

Root: div

Note: Qualifies 'vānaraḥ'.

सिंहशार्दूललक्षणः (siṁhaśārdūlalakṣaṇaḥ) - having the marks of a lion and a tiger

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of siṃhaśārdūlalakṣaṇa

siṁhaśārdūlalakṣaṇa - characterized by a lion and a tiger

Compound type : bahuvrihi (siṃha+śārdūla+lakṣaṇa)

• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger
  noun (masculine)
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic
  noun (neuter)
  From root √lakṣ (to observe, to mark).
  Root: lakṣ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'vānaraḥ'.

विनर्दन् (vinardan) - roaring, shouting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinardat

vinardat - roaring, shouting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √nard (to roar, shout) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: nard (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vānaraḥ'. Used here adverbially with 'iva'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle used for comparison.

तत्रस्थः (tatrasthaḥ) - standing there, situated there

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tatrastha

tatrastha - standing there, located there, being there

Compound of 'tatra' (there) and 'stha' (standing).

Compound type : avyayibhāva (tatra+stha)

• tatra – there, in that place
  indeclinable
  Adverb formed from pronoun 'tad'.
• stha – standing, staying, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vānaraḥ'.

संस्थितः (saṁsthitaḥ) - stationed, placed, situated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃsthita

saṁsthita - stationed, placed, situated, existing

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √sthā (to stand) with prefix saṃ-.

Prefix: sam

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vānaraḥ'.

मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - on the top of the flagpole (on the head, on the top)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mūrdhan

mūrdhan - head, top, summit

N-stem noun.

Note: Location where Hanuman is placed.

अशोभत (aśobhata) - shone, appeared splendid, was beautiful

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of śubh

Imperfect Middle (Ātmanepada)

3rd person singular, imperfect tense, middle voice. Augment 'a' + root 'śubh' + middle ending 'ta'.

Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence, subject is 'vānaraḥ'.