महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-214, verse-17

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
आमन्त्र्य धर्मराजानमनुज्ञाप्य च भारत ।
जग्मतुः पार्थगोविन्दौ सुहृज्जनवृतौ ततः ॥१७॥

17. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
āmantrya dharmarājānamanujñāpya ca bhārata ,
jagmatuḥ pārthagovindau suhṛjjanavṛtau tataḥ.

17. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca āmantrya dharmarājānam anujñāpya ca
bhārata jagmatuḥ pārthagovindau suhṛjjanavṛtau tataḥ

17. Vaishampayana said: 'O Bharata (Janamejaya), having taken leave of the king of righteousness (dharma) (Yudhishthira) and obtained his permission, Arjuna (Pārtha) and Krishna (Govinda) then departed, surrounded by their friends.'

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The sage narrating the Mahabharata to King Janamejaya. (Vaishampayana (the narrator))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• आमन्त्र्य (āmantrya) - having taken leave of (having addressed, having invited, having taken leave of)

• धर्मराजानम् (dharmarājānam) - Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava. (to the king of righteousness (dharma), Yudhishthira)

• अनुज्ञाप्य (anujñāpya) - having obtained permission, having been given leave

• च (ca) - and

• भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Janamejaya, the recipient of the Mahabharata narration. (O descendant of Bharata (Janamejaya))

• जग्मतुः (jagmatuḥ) - Arjuna and Krishna went. (they (two) went)

• पार्थगोविन्दौ (pārthagovindau) - Arjuna and Krishna, acting as the dual subject. (Arjuna (Pārtha) and Krishna (Govinda))

• सुहृज्जनवृतौ (suhṛjjanavṛtau) - Arjuna and Krishna, accompanied by their friends. (surrounded by friends (dual))

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there, thereupon

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The sage narrating the Mahabharata to King Janamejaya. (Vaishampayana (the narrator))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaishampayana, name of a sage, student of Vyasa

Note: Subject of 'said'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense (Liṭ), 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada

Reduplicated perfect form of root `vac`.

Root: vac (class 2)

आमन्त्र्य (āmantrya) - having taken leave of (having addressed, having invited, having taken leave of)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with prefix `ā-` + root `mantr` + suffix `-ya`.

Prefix: ā

Root: mantr (class 10)

धर्मराजानम् (dharmarājānam) - Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava. (to the king of righteousness (dharma), Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmarājan

dharmarājan - king of righteousness, Yudhishthira

Compound noun: `dharma` (righteousness) + `rājan` (king).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Object of the absolutive `āmantrya`.

अनुज्ञाप्य (anujñāpya) - having obtained permission, having been given leave

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with prefix `anu-` + root `jñā` (to know, with causative `paya`) + suffix `-ya`.

Prefix: anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Janamejaya, the recipient of the Mahabharata narration. (O descendant of Bharata (Janamejaya))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian, a name of Janamejaya

Derived from `bharata`.

जग्मतुः (jagmatuḥ) - Arjuna and Krishna went. (they (two) went)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, past perfect (liṭ) of gam

Perfect Tense (Liṭ), 3rd person dual, Parasmaipada

Reduplicated perfect form of root `gam`.

Root: gam (class 1)

पार्थगोविन्दौ (pārthagovindau) - Arjuna and Krishna, acting as the dual subject. (Arjuna (Pārtha) and Krishna (Govinda))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of pārthagovinda

pārthagovinda - Arjuna and Krishna

Dvaṃdva compound of Pārtha and Govinda.

Compound type : dvandva (pārtha+govinda)

• pārtha – son of Pritha (Kunti), Arjuna
  proper noun (masculine)
  Patronymic.
• govinda – cow-finder/cow-protector (a name for Krishna)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Compound: `go` (cow) + `vinda` (finder/protector).
  Root: vid (class 6)

Note: Subject of `jagmatuḥ`.

सुहृज्जनवृतौ (suhṛjjanavṛtau) - Arjuna and Krishna, accompanied by their friends. (surrounded by friends (dual))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of suhṛjjanavṛta

suhṛjjanavṛta - surrounded by friends, accompanied by well-wishers

Compound adjective

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (suhṛd+jana+vṛta)

• suhṛd – friend, well-wisher
  noun (masculine)
• jana – person, people, folk
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• vṛta – surrounded, encompassed, chosen, covered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `vṛ` (to choose, to cover, to surround)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Adjective modifying `pārthagovindau`.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there, thereupon

(indeclinable)

Derived from demonstrative root `tad` with suffix `tas`.