महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-214, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
इन्द्रप्रस्थे वसन्तस्ते जघ्नुरन्यान्नराधिपान् ।
शासनाद्धृतराष्ट्रस्य राज्ञः शांतनवस्य च ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
indraprasthe vasantaste jaghnuranyānnarādhipān ,
śāsanāddhṛtarāṣṭrasya rājñaḥ śāṁtanavasya ca.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca indraprasthe vasantaḥ te jaghnuḥ anyān
narādhipān śāsanāt dhṛtarāṣṭrasya rājñaḥ śāntanavasya ca

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: While residing in Indraprastha, they (the Pāṇḍavas) defeated other rulers, acting under the command of King Dhṛtarāṣṭra and Bhīṣma, the son of Śāntanu.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• इन्द्रप्रस्थे (indraprasthe) - in Indraprastha (in Indraprastha (name of a city))

• वसन्तः (vasantaḥ) - while residing (dwelling, residing, living)

• ते (te) - they (the Pāṇḍavas) (they)

• जघ्नुः (jaghnuḥ) - they defeated (they killed, they struck, they defeated)

• अन्यान् (anyān) - other (other, different)

• नराधिपान् (narādhipān) - rulers (rulers of men, kings)

• शासनात् (śāsanāt) - under the command (by command, from the rule/order)

• धृतराष्ट्रस्य (dhṛtarāṣṭrasya) - of King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of King (of the king)

• शान्तनवस्य (śāntanavasya) - of Bhīṣma, the son of Śāntanu (of Śāntanu's son (Bhīṣma))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (proper name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

3rd person singular, Perfect tense, active voice. Root 'vac' becomes 'uvac' in perfect.

Root: vac (class 2)

इन्द्रप्रस्थे (indraprasthe) - in Indraprastha (in Indraprastha (name of a city))

(proper noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of indraprastha

indraprastha - Indraprastha (name of the capital city of the Pāṇḍavas)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (indra+prastha)

• indra – Indra (name of a god), chief
  noun (masculine)
• prastha – plain, plateau, city
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Denotes location.

वसन्तः (vasantaḥ) - while residing (dwelling, residing, living)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vasat

vasat - dwelling, residing, living

Present active participle

From root 'vas' (to dwell) + suffix '-at'.

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Describes the state of "they" (Pāṇḍavas).

ते (te) - they (the Pāṇḍavas) (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of the sentence.

जघ्नुः (jaghnuḥ) - they defeated (they killed, they struck, they defeated)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of han

Perfect active

3rd person plural, Perfect tense, active voice. Root 'han' undergoes reduplication 'jaghn'.

Root: han (class 2)

अन्यान् (anyān) - other (other, different)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, different

नराधिपान् (narādhipān) - rulers (rulers of men, kings)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of narādhipa

narādhipa - ruler of men, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, chief
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 1)

शासनात् (śāsanāt) - under the command (by command, from the rule/order)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of śāsana

śāsana - command, order, rule, instruction

From root 'śās' (to command, to rule) + suffix '-ana'.

Root: śās (class 2)

धृतराष्ट्रस्य (dhṛtarāṣṭrasya) - of King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the blind Kuru king)

"he who holds the kingdom" or "whose kingdom is held".

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, supported
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dhṛ' (to hold) + suffix '-ta'
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of King (of the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

शान्तनवस्य (śāntanavasya) - of Bhīṣma, the son of Śāntanu (of Śāntanu's son (Bhīṣma))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - descendant of Śāntanu, Bhīṣma

From Śāntanu + aṇ affix.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)