महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-206, verse-28

यदि वाप्यस्य धर्मस्य सूक्ष्मोऽपि स्याद्व्यतिक्रमः ।
स च ते धर्म एव स्याद्दत्त्वा प्राणान्ममार्जुन ॥२८॥

28. yadi vāpyasya dharmasya sūkṣmo'pi syādvyatikramaḥ ,
sa ca te dharma eva syāddattvā prāṇānmamārjuna.

28. yadi vā api asya dharmasya sūkṣmaḥ api syāt vyatikramaḥ
saḥ ca te dharmaḥ eva syāt dattvā prāṇān mama arjuna

28. Even if there were a subtle transgression of this natural law (dharma), that (act of transgression) would indeed be your natural law (dharma), O Arjuna, by dedicating your life (prāṇa) for my (Yudhiṣṭhira's) sake.

Words meanings summery:

• यदि (yadi) - if (if, in case)

• वा (vā) - moreover, and (connecting to previous idea) (or, either, and)

• अपि (api) - even if, also (also, even, moreover)

• अस्य (asya) - of this (natural law/vow) (of this, his)

• धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of this natural law (dharma) (referring to the vow) (of natural law, of duty, of righteousness)

• सूक्ष्मः (sūkṣmaḥ) - subtle, slight (subtle, minute, slight)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, moreover)

• स्यात् (syāt) - would occur, would be (would be, should be)

• व्यतिक्रमः (vyatikramaḥ) - transgression (of the vow) (transgression, violation, offense)

• सः (saḥ) - that (transgression) (that, he)

• च (ca) - and, indeed (and, also, moreover)

• ते (te) - your (Arjuna's) (to you, your, by you)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - your natural law (dharma) (natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (indeed, only, just)

• स्यात् (syāt) - would be (would be, should be)

• दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given, by dedicating (having given)

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - your life/vital energies (lives, life breaths, vital airs)

• मम (mama) - for my (Yudhiṣṭhira's) sake (my, of me)

• अर्जुन (arjuna) - O Arjuna (O Arjuna (name))

Words meanings and morphology

यदि (yadi) - if (if, in case)

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - moreover, and (connecting to previous idea) (or, either, and)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even if, also (also, even, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - of this (natural law/vow) (of this, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Note: Modifies `dharmasya`.

धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of this natural law (dharma) (referring to the vow) (of natural law, of duty, of righteousness)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, duty, righteousness, virtue, constitution, intrinsic nature

From root `dhṛ` (to uphold, to support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies `vyatikramaḥ`.

सूक्ष्मः (sūkṣmaḥ) - subtle, slight (subtle, minute, slight)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūkṣma

sūkṣma - subtle, minute, fine, delicate

From root `suc` (to be pure) + `s_ma` suffix.

Root: suc (class 1)

Note: Modifies `vyatikramaḥ`.

अपि (api) - even (also, even, moreover)

(indeclinable)

स्यात् (syāt) - would occur, would be (would be, should be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

व्यतिक्रमः (vyatikramaḥ) - transgression (of the vow) (transgression, violation, offense)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyatikrama

vyatikrama - transgression, violation, passing over, exception

From `vi` + `ati` + root `kram` (to step).

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Subject of `syāt`.

सः (saḥ) - that (transgression) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers back to `vyatikramaḥ`.

च (ca) - and, indeed (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - your (Arjuna's) (to you, your, by you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

Note: Possessive, referring to Arjuna.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - your natural law (dharma) (natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, duty, righteousness, virtue, constitution, intrinsic nature

From root `dhṛ` (to uphold, to support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative to `saḥ`.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

स्यात् (syāt) - would be (would be, should be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given, by dedicating (having given)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from root `dā` (to give) with `ktvā` suffix.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Indicates the means or condition.

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - your life/vital energies (lives, life breaths, vital airs)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, life, vital air, spirit

From `pra` + root `an` (to breathe).

Prefix: pra

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Object of `dattvā`.

मम (mama) - for my (Yudhiṣṭhira's) sake (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Speaker is Yudhiṣṭhira.

अर्जुन (arjuna) - O Arjuna (O Arjuna (name))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pandava prince), white, clear

Note: Addressee.