महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-187, verse-13

यत्नेन तु स तं हर्षं संनिगृह्य परंतपः ।
अनुरूपं ततो राजा प्रत्युवाच युधिष्ठिरम् ॥१३॥

13. yatnena tu sa taṁ harṣaṁ saṁnigṛhya paraṁtapaḥ ,
anurūpaṁ tato rājā pratyuvāca yudhiṣṭhiram.

13. yatnena tu sa tam harṣam samnigrhya paramtapaḥ
anurūpam tataḥ rājā pratyuvāca yudhiṣṭhiram

13. But that oppressor of foes (paraṃtapa), controlling his joy with effort, the king then replied appropriately to Yudhishthira.

Words meanings summery:

• यत्नेन (yatnena) - by effort, with exertion

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, and

• स (sa) - he, that (masculine)

• तम् (tam) - that joy (that (masculine))

• हर्षम् (harṣam) - joy, delight

• सम्निग्र्ह्य (samnigrhya) - having restrained, having controlled

• परम्तपः (paramtapaḥ) - an epithet for Drupada (oppressor of foes, scorcher of enemies (paraṃtapa))

• अनुरूपम् (anurūpam) - an appropriate reply (suitable, appropriate, according to form)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• राजा (rājā) - king

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - he replied, he answered

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira

Words meanings and morphology

यत्नेन (yatnena) - by effort, with exertion

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yatna

yatna - effort, exertion, endeavor, care

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Expresses means or manner.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, and

(indeclinable)

स (sa) - he, that (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine nominative singular, form of tad before consonants.

Note: Refers to rājā and paramtapaḥ.

तम् (tam) - that joy (that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine accusative singular.

Note: Agrees with harṣam.

हर्षम् (harṣam) - joy, delight

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of harṣa

harṣa - joy, delight, happiness, excitement

From root hr̥ṣ (to rejoice, be glad).

Root: hr̥ṣ (class 4)

Note: Object of samnigrhya.

सम्निग्र्ह्य (samnigrhya) - having restrained, having controlled

(indeclinable)

gerund (lyap-suffix)

From sam- + ni- + root grah (to seize, hold).

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Denotes a preceding action.

परम्तपः (paramtapaḥ) - an epithet for Drupada (oppressor of foes, scorcher of enemies (paraṃtapa))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paramtapa

paramtapa - oppressor of foes, tormentor of enemies, ascetic, hero

From param (enemy) + root tap (to heat, to torment).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+tapa)

• para – other, enemy, supreme
  noun (masculine)
• tapa – heating, tormenting, asceticism
  noun (masculine)
  From root tap (to heat, to torment).
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Appositive to rājā, referring to Drupada.

अनुरूपम् (anurūpam) - an appropriate reply (suitable, appropriate, according to form)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anurūpa

anurūpa - suitable, appropriate, conformable, correspondent

From anu- + rūpa (form).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (anu+rūpa)

• anu – after, according to, with
  indeclinable
• rūpa – form, shape, beauty, nature
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes the quality of the 'reply'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

Derived from tad (that).

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - he replied, he answered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of prativac

perfect tense

3rd person singular, perfect tense, parasmaipada. From prati- + root vac (to speak).

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava brother)

Steady in battle (yudhi sthira).

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Object of pratyuvāca.