महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-187, verse-12

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततः स द्रुपदो राजा हर्षव्याकुललोचनः ।
प्रतिवक्तुं तदा युक्तं नाशकत्तं युधिष्ठिरम् ॥१२॥

12. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tataḥ sa drupado rājā harṣavyākulalocanaḥ ,
prativaktuṁ tadā yuktaṁ nāśakattaṁ yudhiṣṭhiram.

12. vaiśampāyana uvāca tataḥ sa drupadaḥ rājā harṣavyākulalocanaḥ
prativaktum tadā yuktam na aśakat tam yudhiṣṭhiram

12. Vaiśampāyana said: Then King Drupada, whose eyes were agitated with joy, was unable at that moment to give a suitable reply to Yudhishthira.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata (Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• स (sa) - that King Drupada (he, that (masculine))

• द्रुपदः (drupadaḥ) - Drupada (name of a king)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• हर्षव्याकुललोचनः (harṣavyākulalocanaḥ) - King Drupada, with eyes agitated by joy (whose eyes were agitated by joy, joyful-eyed)

• प्रतिवक्तुम् (prativaktum) - to reply, to respond

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• युक्तम् (yuktam) - a suitable reply (appropriate, suitable, proper)

• न (na) - not, no

• अशकत् (aśakat) - he was able (negative: he was not able)

• तम् (tam) - to Yudhishthira (him, that (masculine))

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata (Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, disciple of Vyāsa, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense

3rd person singular, perfect tense, parasmaipada.

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

Derived from tad (that).

स (sa) - that King Drupada (he, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine nominative singular, form of tad before consonants.

Note: Refers to drupadaḥ rājā.

द्रुपदः (drupadaḥ) - Drupada (name of a king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drupada

drupada - Drupada (name of the King of Pañcāla)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun.

Note: Appositive to drupadaḥ.

हर्षव्याकुललोचनः (harṣavyākulalocanaḥ) - King Drupada, with eyes agitated by joy (whose eyes were agitated by joy, joyful-eyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of harṣavyākulalocana

harṣavyākulalocana - whose eyes are agitated/troubled by joy

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (harṣa+vyākula+locana)

• harṣa – joy, delight, happiness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hr̥ṣ (class 4)
• vyākula – agitated, perplexed, troubled
  adjective
  From vi- + ā- + root kul (to collect, confuse).
  Prefixes: vi+ā
  Root: kul (class 1)
• locana – eye
  noun (neuter)
  From root loc (to see).
  Root: loc (class 1)

Note: Agrees with drupadaḥ rājā.

प्रतिवक्तुम् (prativaktum) - to reply, to respond

(indeclinable)

infinitive (tum-suffix)

From prati- + root vac (to speak).

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Derived from tad (that).

युक्तम् (yuktam) - a suitable reply (appropriate, suitable, proper)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, united, fit, proper, engaged in (from yoga)

Past Passive Participle

From root yuj (to join, to yoke).

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Refers to the implied 'reply' or 'response'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अशकत् (aśakat) - he was able (negative: he was not able)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of śak

aorist

3rd person singular, aorist, parasmaipada. Used with na to express inability.

Root: śak (class 5)

तम् (tam) - to Yudhishthira (him, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine accusative singular.

Note: Object of prativaktum, referring to Yudhishthira.

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava brother)

Steady in battle (yudhi sthira).

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Object of prativaktum.