महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-146, verse-34

न चाप्यधर्मः कल्याण बहुपत्नीकता नृणाम् ।
स्त्रीणामधर्मः सुमहान्भर्तुः पूर्वस्य लङ्घने ॥३४॥

34. na cāpyadharmaḥ kalyāṇa bahupatnīkatā nṛṇām ,
strīṇāmadharmaḥ sumahānbhartuḥ pūrvasya laṅghane.

34. na ca api adharmaḥ kalyāṇa bahupatnīkatā nṛṇām |
strīṇām adharmaḥ sumahān bhartuḥ pūrvasya laṅghane

34. O auspicious one, having many wives is not a wrong (adharma) for men. But for women, transgressing a former husband is a very great wrong (adharma).

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - even, also

• अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - not a wrong deed (unrighteousness, wrong, impiety)

• कल्याण (kalyāṇa) - O auspicious one, O blessed one

• बहुपत्नीकता (bahupatnīkatā) - polygamy, having many wives

• नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - of men

• स्त्रीणाम् (strīṇām) - of women

• अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, wrong, impiety

• सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great, exceedingly great

• भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - of the husband

• पूर्वस्य (pūrvasya) - of the former, of the previous

• लङ्घने (laṅghane) - in transgressing, in violating

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here to mean 'even not'.

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - not a wrong deed (unrighteousness, wrong, impiety)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, impiety, injustice, wrong, vice, unconstitutional

negative particle 'a' + dharma

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, un-, in-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, conduct
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for bahupatnīkatā.

कल्याण (kalyāṇa) - O auspicious one, O blessed one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kalyāṇa

kalyāṇa - auspicious, blessed, virtuous, noble, excellent

Note: Addressing Rama.

बहुपत्नीकता (bahupatnīkatā) - polygamy, having many wives

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bahupatnīkatā

bahupatnīkatā - the state of having many wives, polygamy

formed from bahupatnīka (one having many wives) + suffix -tā (feminine abstract noun suffix)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa or bahuvrīhi-derivative (bahu+patnī)

• bahu – many, much
  adjective
• patnī – wife
  noun (feminine)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - of men

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nṛ

nṛ - man, person

Note: Possessive, 'of men'.

स्त्रीणाम् (strīṇām) - of women

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, female

Note: Possessive, 'for women'.

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, wrong, impiety

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, impiety, injustice, wrong, vice, unconstitutional

negative particle 'a' + dharma

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, un-, in-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, conduct
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great, exceedingly great

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, enormous, exceedingly mighty

prefix su- (good, intense) + mahat (great)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, excellent, very
  indeclinable
  prefix
• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective

Note: Agrees with adharmaḥ.

भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - of the husband

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - husband, maintainer, lord, supporter

agent noun from root bhṛ- (to bear, support)

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Possessive with laṅghane.

पूर्वस्य (pūrvasya) - of the former, of the previous

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pūrva

pūrva - former, prior, previous, eastern

Note: Agrees with bhartuḥ.

लङ्घने (laṅghane) - in transgressing, in violating

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of laṅghana

laṅghana - jumping over, transgressing, violating, disregarding

from root laṅgh- (to leap, transgress)

Root: laṅgh (class 1)

Note: Indicates the circumstance under which the 'adharma' occurs.