महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-126, verse-34

दुर्योधन उवाच ।
आचार्य त्रिविधा योनी राज्ञां शास्त्रविनिश्चये ।
तत्कुलीनश्च शूरश्च सेनां यश्च प्रकर्षति ॥३४॥

34. duryodhana uvāca ,
ācārya trividhā yonī rājñāṁ śāstraviniścaye ,
tatkulīnaśca śūraśca senāṁ yaśca prakarṣati.

34. Duryodhanaḥ uvāca ācārya trividhā yoniḥ rājñām
śāstraviniścaye tatkulīnaḥ ca śūraḥ ca senām yaḥ ca prakarṣati

34. Duryodhana said: 'O preceptor, according to scriptural determination, there are three criteria for kings: they must be of noble lineage, brave, and capable of leading an army.'

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• आचार्य (ācārya) - O preceptor, O teacher

• त्रिविधा (trividhā) - of three kinds, threefold

• योनिः (yoniḥ) - criteria for selecting kings (origin, source, family, class, criteria)

• राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings, for kings

• शास्त्रविनिश्चये (śāstraviniścaye) - in the determination by scriptures, according to the scriptural decision

• तत्कुलीनः (tatkulīnaḥ) - of noble lineage, well-born

• च (ca) - and

• शूरः (śūraḥ) - brave, valorous, hero

• च (ca) - and

• सेनाम् (senām) - army

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• च (ca) - and

• प्रकर्षति (prakarṣati) - leads (an army) (leads, draws forward, excels)

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Duryodhana

Duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect Active

From root vac (to speak), perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

आचार्य (ācārya) - O preceptor, O teacher

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of ācārya

ācārya - preceptor, teacher, master

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

त्रिविधा (trividhā) - of three kinds, threefold

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of trividha

trividha - threefold, of three kinds

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tri+vidha)

• tri – three
  numeral
• vidha – manner, kind
  noun (masculine)

योनिः (yoniḥ) - criteria for selecting kings (origin, source, family, class, criteria)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yoni

yoni - womb, origin, source, family, class, kind

Root: yu (class 2)

राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings, for kings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

शास्त्रविनिश्चये (śāstraviniścaye) - in the determination by scriptures, according to the scriptural decision

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śāstraviniścaya

śāstraviniścaya - scriptural determination, decision of the sacred texts

Compound type : tatpurusha (śāstra+viniścaya)

• śāstra – sacred text, scripture, teaching
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śās (class 2)
• viniścaya – determination, decision, ascertainment
  noun (masculine)
  Prefixes: vi+ni
  Root: ści (class 5)

तत्कुलीनः (tatkulīnaḥ) - of noble lineage, well-born

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tatkulīna

tatkulīna - of noble family, well-born, high-born

Derived from 'tatkula' (that family/lineage) + '-īna' (suffix indicating belonging)

Compound type : tatpurusha (tad+kula)

• tad – that, he, she, it
  pronoun
• kula – family, lineage, race
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

शूरः (śūraḥ) - brave, valorous, hero

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - brave, valorous, hero, warrior

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सेनाम् (senām) - army

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, troop

Root: si (class 5)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whichever

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

प्रकर्षति (prakarṣati) - leads (an army) (leads, draws forward, excels)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of prakarṣati

Present Active

From root kṛṣ (to pull, draw) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)