महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-112, verse-19

नारी परमधर्मज्ञ सर्वा पुत्रविनाकृता ।
पतिं विना जीवति या न सा जीवति दुःखिता ॥१९॥

19. nārī paramadharmajña sarvā putravinākṛtā ,
patiṁ vinā jīvati yā na sā jīvati duḥkhitā.

19. nārī paramadharmajña sarvā putravinākṛtā
patim vinā jīvati yā na sā jīvati duḥkhitā

19. O knower of the highest natural law (dharma)! A woman who is deprived of a son and lives without her husband, even if she lives, she is not truly living; she is afflicted by sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• नारी (nārī) - Any woman in general, or the lamenting woman referring to herself. (woman, female)

• परमधर्मज्ञ (paramadharmajña) - Addressing the king. (O knower of the supreme natural law (dharma), O one who knows the highest duty)

• सर्वा (sarvā) - Every woman, any woman (emphatic). (all, every, whole, complete)

• पुत्रविनाकृता (putravinākṛtā) - deprived of a son, separated from a son

• पतिम् (patim) - husband, lord, master

• विना (vinā) - without, except, apart from

• जीवति (jīvati) - lives, is alive

• या (yā) - Refers to the 'nārī' (woman). (who, which)

• न (na) - not, no

• सा (sā) - Refers to the woman. (she, that (female))

• जीवति (jīvati) - In the sense of 'truly lives' or 'is happy'. (lives, is alive)

• दुःखिता (duḥkhitā) - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy

Words meanings and morphology

नारी (nārī) - Any woman in general, or the lamenting woman referring to herself. (woman, female)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nārī

nārī - woman, female, wife

Root: nṛ

परमधर्मज्ञ (paramadharmajña) - Addressing the king. (O knower of the supreme natural law (dharma), O one who knows the highest duty)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of paramadharmajña

paramadharmajña - knowing the highest law/duty, one who knows supreme righteousness

Tatpuruṣa compound (paramam dharmaṃ jānāti iti)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parama+dharma+jña)

• parama – highest, supreme, ultimate
  adjective
• dharma – natural law (dharma), constitution (dharma), intrinsic nature (dharma), righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knower, understanding
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

सर्वा (sarvā) - Every woman, any woman (emphatic). (all, every, whole, complete)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

पुत्रविनाकृता (putravinākṛtā) - deprived of a son, separated from a son

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of putravinākṛta

putravinākṛta - deprived of a son, without a son

Tatpuruṣa compound (putreṇa vinākṛta)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+vinākṛta)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• vinākṛta – separated from, deprived of, abandoned
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From vinā (without) + kṛta (done, made, but here means 'treated as' or 'become')
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

पतिम् (patim) - husband, lord, master

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - master, lord, husband, owner

विना (vinā) - without, except, apart from

(indeclinable)

जीवति (jīvati) - lives, is alive

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jīv

Root jīv (1P)

Root: jīv (class 1)

या (yā) - Refers to the 'nārī' (woman). (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

सा (sā) - Refers to the woman. (she, that (female))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

जीवति (jīvati) - In the sense of 'truly lives' or 'is happy'. (lives, is alive)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jīv

Root jīv (1P)

Root: jīv (class 1)

दुःखिता (duḥkhitā) - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, grieved, unhappy, suffering

Past Passive Participle

From root dukh (to feel pain)

Root: dukh (class 10)