महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-112, verse-18

अपुत्रा पुरुषव्याघ्र विललापेति नः श्रुतम् ।
भद्रा परमदुःखार्ता तन्निबोध नराधिप ॥१८॥

18. aputrā puruṣavyāghra vilalāpeti naḥ śrutam ,
bhadrā paramaduḥkhārtā tannibodha narādhipa.

18. aputrā puruṣavyāghra vilalāpa iti naḥ śrutam
bhadrā paramaduḥkhārtā tat nibodha narādhipa

18. O tiger among men, we have heard that the childless woman lamented thus. O king, learn this: Bhadrā was greatly afflicted by sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• अपुत्रा (aputrā) - Refers to the queen. (childless, sonless)

• पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - Addressed to a king or prominent male figure. (O tiger among men, O foremost of men)

• विललाप (vilalāpa) - she lamented, she wept aloud

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

• नः (naḥ) - by us, to us, our

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - It has been heard (by us). (heard, listened, revealed, tradition)

• भद्रा (bhadrā) - The name of the queen. (Bhadra (proper name), auspicious, blessed)

• परमदुःखार्ता (paramaduḥkhārtā) - extremely afflicted by sorrow, deeply distressed

• तत् (tat) - Refers to the lamentation and sorrow. (that, this)

• निबोध (nibodha) - understand, perceive, learn

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - The person being addressed. (O king, O ruler of men)

Words meanings and morphology

अपुत्रा (aputrā) - Refers to the queen. (childless, sonless)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of aputra

aputra - childless, sonless

Negative compound (Nañ Tatpuruṣa)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+putra)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - Addressed to a king or prominent male figure. (O tiger among men, O foremost of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣavyāghra

puruṣavyāghra - tiger among men, foremost of men, excellent man

Tatpuruṣa compound (Upamāna Pūrvapada)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+vyāghra)

• puruṣa – man, male, person, spirit (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

विललाप (vilalāpa) - she lamented, she wept aloud

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of lap

Root lap (1P) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

नः (naḥ) - by us, to us, our

(pronoun)

plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Used here in the sense of 'by us' with a passive construction ('śrutam').

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - It has been heard (by us). (heard, listened, revealed, tradition)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, known, taught, sacred knowledge (śruti)

Past Passive Participle

From root śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 1)

Note: Used impersonally 'it was heard'.

भद्रा (bhadrā) - The name of the queen. (Bhadra (proper name), auspicious, blessed)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhadrā

bhadrā - Bhadrā (proper name), auspicious, excellent, good fortune

परमदुःखार्ता (paramaduḥkhārtā) - extremely afflicted by sorrow, deeply distressed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of paramaduḥkhārta

paramaduḥkhārta - extremely afflicted by pain/sorrow, deeply distressed

Tatpuruṣa compound (paramam duḥkhena ārtaḥ)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parama+duḥkhārta)

• parama – highest, supreme, excellent, extreme
  adjective
• duḥkhārta – distressed by sorrow, afflicted by pain
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From duḥkha (pain) + ārta (afflicted, from root ṛ 'to go' + ā).

तत् (tat) - Refers to the lamentation and sorrow. (that, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

निबोध (nibodha) - understand, perceive, learn

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of budh

Root budh (1P) with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

नराधिप (narādhipa) - The person being addressed. (O king, O ruler of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler of men, lord of men

Tatpuruṣa compound (nara + adhipa)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, male, human
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)